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A few things you must know
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bearcanada



Joined: 04 Sep 2005
Posts: 312
Location: Calgary, Canada

PostPosted: Wed Mar 12, 2008 11:42 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Shan-Shan, I agree with your comments, and for sure few Chinese employers are competent to evaluate their English teachers. And in that context I suppose I wouldn't blame some English illiterati from taking advantage of that situation and finding a teaching job here.

But in my comments I wasn't thinking of them. It just saddens and disappoints me that university graduates with degrees in Education and in English figure so prominently in the substandard list.

It was an English teacher with two degrees who wrote, "I could of gone.....". She even went so far as to tell us in a thread that her teacher husband (also with a degree in English) saw her words and told her 'he thought it might be wrong, but wasn't sure'.

Do you laugh or cry?

.
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vikuk



Joined: 23 May 2007
Posts: 1842

PostPosted: Wed Mar 12, 2008 12:32 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Quote:
Shan-Shan, I agree with your comments, and for sure few Chinese employers are competent to evaluate their English teachers. And in that context I suppose I wouldn't blame some English illiterati from taking advantage of that situation and finding a teaching job here.

If they can't read then how do they find out about these jobs - must be the jungle drums Rolling Eyes Rolling Eyes Rolling Eyes

Bear these are teaching forums - so why not a bit of argument regarding how mistake riddled written English from FT's could indicate poor standards with regard to their teaching ability? Both Shan-shan and I have highlighted the fact that recruiting a cut-price workforce might lead to a bargain basement product - but you still seem to focus on perceived shortcomings of the western educational system for the literary failings of the certain China FT's.

A great deal of responsibility for any poor standards found in Chinese English classrooms, at the moment, seems to lie with Employers who don't invest enough resources in recruiting a suitably trained and motivated workforce. If those resources were made available - qualified FT's were recruited and the average FT job was transformed into a career suitable for a serious teaching professional - but standards remained at a low - then I'd have to change my opinion Laughing Laughing Laughing
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Shan-Shan



Joined: 28 Aug 2003
Posts: 1074
Location: electric pastures

PostPosted: Wed Mar 12, 2008 1:57 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Quote:
qualified FT's were recruited and the average FT job was transformed into a career suitable for a serious teaching professional


Chinese English teachers are seen in China as having an English teaching career. The FT, on the other, is vacationing, "learning the culture and language", taking a break between jobs, wrapping dumplings, running.

Before this semester began, I asked my "new" department what the expectations were for the third-year writing class, and what it was that I should build on from last semester. The head of the English department was stunned by my question, and told me to "just make them write stuff". I wasn't asking for a curriculum to follow, nor to be handed a weekly outline any schmo could follow. All I wanted were some guidelines, ideas of where third year students' writing abilities ought to be by the end of the semester as well as some examples of what went on in class last semester so as to avoid too much repetition. No such luck. (I was fortunate enough, though, to have the freedom to choose a decent coursebook which, unbeknownst to me, was promptly photocopied for the students. The lovely irony is the book costs 16 kuai; photocopied at even one mao per page, the students would have paid at least 20 RMB for the unbound copy!)

The FT who asks such niggly details about "benchmarks" or "goals" apparently messes up the concept of the FT as entertainer, the thing for students to laugh and practice with, and instead emerges as a creature who might demand a wage commensurate with their ability to teach. Scary stuff.

Mind you, I have had classes -- in private institutes -- where students bring clear goals with them, and do appreciate working hard on improving their foreign language skills. The void that is so many English classes at the university level (this year's English Literature majors have never heard of James Joyce) is not the entirety of the English teaching situation.

Quote:
It was an English teacher with two degrees who wrote, "I could of gone.....". She even went so far as to tell us in a thread that her teacher husband (also with a degree in English) saw her words and told her 'he thought it might be wrong, but wasn't sure'.



At least a flicker of something is oscillating in his head

Quote:
Do you laugh or cry?


I just curse the damage contractions have inflicted on people's language awareness!
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cj750s



Joined: 26 May 2007
Posts: 701
Location: Donghai Town, Beijng

PostPosted: Thu Mar 13, 2008 12:31 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Quote:
The FT who asks such niggly details about "benchmarks" or "goals" apparently messes up the concept of the FT as entertainer, the thing for students to laugh and practice with, and instead emerges as a creature who might demand a wage commensurate with their ability to teach. Scary stuff.


I have a different view on this matter....perhaps the employer wants the FT to assess the situation themselves and determines the role the FT can play in improving the writing at what ever level exist. Generally, education wages are determined by level of education and years of service rather then English ability. Often times the administrator does not have intimate knowledge of his charges English ability and therefore has little information as to the writing ability of the classes in their school.
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Shan-Shan



Joined: 28 Aug 2003
Posts: 1074
Location: electric pastures

PostPosted: Thu Mar 13, 2008 6:34 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Quote:
Generally, education wages are determined by level of education and years of service rather then English ability


Depending on the institution, the range of the wage tends to be quite narrow, often only a difference of a few hundred RMB for greater experience/ relevant educational background. This we already know. English ability (i.e. can the FT speak/write well), something which should be a given, seems to be the determining factor for a lot a wages here in China. Experience and education, given how little they influence wages at a lot of institutions, appear secondary.

Quote:
....perhaps the employer wants the FT to assess the situation themselves and determines the role the FT can play in improving the writing at what ever level exist


Quite possibly. Though for myself, it would still be nice to have a copy of the previous semester's syllabus (which in my circumstances does not exist) to help with creating some continuity for the students.

Another irony with my current writing classes: today a representative came by to ask that I "get my students doing a lot of conversation practice; help them improve their Oral English as much as possible". A writing class will obviously have activities which involve oral communication -- but a writing class which has a stress on raising the students' speaking level?

I am amused.
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arioch36



Joined: 21 Jan 2003
Posts: 3589

PostPosted: Thu Mar 13, 2008 4:06 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

I had the same situation, two years ago taught grade 3 writing. I asked what they did grade 2 so I could build on it. They couldn't care less, or they acted like they didn't care perhaps to save face because they didn't know. But that attitude certainly doesn't help me help the students


My current college I consider okay. My third year here. i always ask to know what I am teaching for the next semester before the semester begins, so I can prepare. Never happens. Day before class ..."Here are your books" All the other Chinese teachers teaching english know well ahead of time. Part of the problem is that we are rarely included in their thoughts as teaching staff. Rather the Foreign Language Dep't sees us as belonging to the FAO and thus they develop a hands off approach
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11:59



Joined: 31 Aug 2006
Posts: 632
Location: Hong Kong: The 'Pearl of the Orient'

PostPosted: Wed Mar 26, 2008 3:45 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Lobster wrote:
4. Don't write corrupt forms such as gonna, ain't or hafta.

How is 'gonna' (or 'wanna', etc.) a 'corrupt' form (language has no Platonic Essence) and why shouldn't it be written? In fact, contractions such as 'gonna' are highly rule-governed and the underlying grammar is surprisingly complex, as those of us who have studied descriptive, structural linguistics well know.

I think contractions such as 'gonna' just appear odd in the written language, but that will change with time. Languages are after all far from static and are in fact in a constant state of flux (indeed, in computational models they are perched on the edge of chaos where there exists the most adaptive variation). Anyway, in normal run-of-the-mill spoken language native speakers of any language tend to produce between 10 and 15 phonemes a second and thus naturally occurring phonological effects will produce such contractions whether you like it or not (it is termed 'co-articulation').

You also seem to forget that much of contemporary language (presumably what you would call 'uncorrupted' language) is itself a contraction (or a 'corruption', if you will) of former separate items (wasn't 'tomorrow' originally 'to the morrow' or something of the sort?). In short you are being prescriptive and ignorant of diachronic language change, a normal yet poorly understood phenomenon. I think this is quite odd for a teacher of language.

As it happens, though, as I noted above the contraction you cite ('gonna') is highly rule based, and so does not in any way reflect 'sloppy' or 'lazy' (let alone 'corrupt') speech. 'Going to' cannot always be contracted to 'gonna' and 'want to' cannot always become 'wanna', at least not according to native speakers (you cannot, for example, say 'I'm gonna London'). Native speakers are of course often totally clueless about this, at least consciously, which of course is interesting in and of itself (at least in terms of psycholinguistics). You have to tease this information (declarative knowledge, not procedural knowledge) out of them through grammaticality judgement tasks and the like.

Contraction of 'want to' to 'wanna' seems to be prohibited where the words 'want' and 'to' are separated by a Wh-trace (let's symbolise it as t) that has been 'left behind' in the phrase marker grammar by the movement of an earlier constituent through the syntactic process of 'raising'. Not many teachers of English are trained in syntax (and especially not Chomskyan Generative Grammar or computational syntax) so let me explain.

Before I do though, I have to briefly explain the (Chomskyan) notion of D- and S-structure, that is D(eep) and S(urface) structure respectively. Long ago it was proposed that the sentences that we speak, hear, read, and write are but surface structures, and that they are the result of transformations from deep structures of which we are never aware. Some sentences can have two S structures but one D structure (or phrase marker structure), or vice versa. For example, 'I saw the girl with the telescope' is ambiguous as it has two wholly separate D structures, which in S-structures would be expressed with something like 'I saw the girl who had a telescope' and 'I used a telescope to see the girl'. Another example would be 'Washing machines can be dangerous' (i.e., you can hurt yourself when washing machines (of any sort), or, the machines we call washing machines can be dangerous - they often explode).

So what does the theoretical (and somewhat obscure and highbrow) notion of D- and S-structure have to do with 'wanna' and 'gonna'. Well, first, let's establish that these contractions are not always licensed by the grammar of English as (unconsciously) stored in your head. Take the following example:

1) Who do you want to kiss?
2) Who do you wanna kiss?

In this example there is no problem contracting 'want to' to 'wanna'. The same is true for the next example:

3) Who do you want to invite to the party?
4) Who do you wanna invite to the party?

So, again, no problem. But, now look at the following (an asterisk in linguistics means that when asked native speakers reject the sentence):

5) Who do you want to kiss you?
6)* Who do you wanna kiss you?

And:

7) Who do you want to invite Fred to the party?
8)* Who do you wanna invite Fred to the party?

Native speakers reject examples such as (6) and (8), though of course they won't be able to tell you why there are ungrammatical. Well linguists can, at least those trained in generative syntax.

The D-structure of (1), 'Who do you want to kiss', is said to be:

a) You want to kiss wh

Which becomes:

b) Who i you want to kiss t i

(i = index, i.e., wh is indexed to 'who', recall that t = trace)

The movement of the wh-marker leaves a trace (think of it like copy and paste). In other words, the wh-marker (wh) moves to the front and becomes (in this example) 'who' (but in other examples it could be 'what' or 'when' etc.), and after moving it leaves a trace of itself (t) behind.

We then insert the auxiliary 'do' for other reasons unrelated to this analysis:

c) Who i do you want to kiss t i

And then, in the written language, we add the question mark:

d) Who i do you want to kiss t i ?

So in the above example 'Who do you want to kiss?' can become 'Who do you wanna kiss?'. But remember that 'Who do you want to kiss you?' does not seem to be able to be contracted to *'Who do you wanna kiss you?'. If we conduct the same analysis we soon see why. The D structure of 'Who do you want to kiss you?' would be:

e) You want wh to kiss you

So we 'front' the wh-marker to make:

f) Who i you want t i to kiss you

Again, we add the auxiliary 'do' to make:

g) Who i do you want t i to kiss you

And again we add the question mark in the written language:

h) Who do you want to kiss you?

But, now let's put the phrase structure markers back in:

i) Who i do you want t i to kiss you?

We immediately see why we can't say 'Who do you wanna kiss you?'. The trace (t) 'blocks' the contraction of 'want' and 'to'. We don't see or hear the trace marker but it is still there in the deep structure and even though we are using surface structures our brains are only using them to express deep structures and so *'Who do you wanna kiss you?' is not permitted. It's simply a rule of English grammar and that's that.

Don't make the mistake of thinking that all because you are unaware of such things that they can't possibly exist. First, there seems little other way of accounting for native speakers rejecting such examples despite never having heard them before, and, second, there are a million and one things your brain does on a daily basis that you are not aware of.

It might all seem rather strange but in computational linguistics and natural language generation (NLG) that is how we avoid machines (Markovian or other finite state automata) generating sentences such as *'Who do you wanna kiss you?'
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mcl sonya



Joined: 12 Dec 2007
Posts: 179
Location: Qingdao

PostPosted: Wed Mar 26, 2008 4:21 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

One of my students actually had a talk with me today about how most Chinese people speak English with poor grammar and it's terrible, and my response was it's more important to just get your point across and to understand nuances than it is to be perfectly correct. I think a great example is my own Chinese, which (most likely) has shoddy, English-ized grammar but which I brandish fearlessly and which everyone hails as fluent. I don't correct grammatical mistakes if it's still understandable and not too major. I don't want them to feel like speaking English is like figuring out a grammatical puzzle, though I think they'd make my day if they started asking questions about English grammar. When I studied French and Hebrew I was always asking a million questions about the grammar.

I think in class, it's important to be able to, if not explain nuances, then give examples. I also think pronunciation is very important, perhaps because my only other teaching job was teaching music, but also because if you pronounce things well then people not only are able to understand you but also they'll automatically think you speak that language pretty well. At English Corner students were telling me that their friends in my classes were talking about how I force them to repeat things until they pronounce certain consonants correctly. I assume they complain it's annoying and boring (granted, it consumes a ton of time.. I don't do it every class, though I remind them all the time to pronounce things the way we learned before), but I think it's very important for a teacher to recognize pronunciation problems that hinder intelligibility and to know how to tackle them. All of my kids can say [v] now, as well as th, and know how to not do a Northern Chinese s instead of an English s, how to just do a schwa without making it an r, and how the plural -s should sound like. The word "thistles" sounded like "seashell" the way they pronounced it before. And, unlike the grammar thing, I think they're kind of proud when they pronounce things well. Some of my students sound really good right now: just saying certain phrases, in isolation, their accent is perfect.

I'm really kind of in the dark here as to how to teach too. I feel like I'm expected more to be a camp counselor than a teacher at times, and it's so ineffective to be teaching random subjects instead of building on what they're learning in their other classes.
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Lobster



Joined: 20 Jun 2006
Posts: 2040
Location: Somewhere under the Sea

PostPosted: Wed Mar 26, 2008 5:08 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Well, thank you for that elucidation. I do, however, hold a degree in Applied Linguistics already, and am therefore quite knowledgeable about generative theory. I understand the authenticity of these forms and the nature of their origin. The same derivations allow for sentences such as "I don' give a f*ckin' f*ck about that f*cked-up sh*it; you f*ckin' f*cker!"" In addition, I agree that language is a thing in constant flux and development. Perhaps you don't like the term corrupt (sociological perception), and would prefer "non-standard contraction".

Now here's my point. I'm not here to teach American street English or casual conversational English. I teach formal and academic English writing. Of my six reference dictionaries, two do not have any entries for 'gonna', 'wanna' or 'hafta'. The others refer to it as an informal contraction used in spoken English or as American slang. Don't get me wrong, I teach my students these forms so that they can recognize and understand them in spoken English. As well, I find it's easier to explain the usage to my students by noting that 'gonna' can only be used in the sense of 'will', thus precluding constructions such as *He's gonna be gonna the doctor tomorrow. I do not allow them to write them unless it's a direct quote, as in "I don' wanna do it, and I ain't gonna do it", growled Mugsy defiantly. I certainly don't want them incorporating the speech patterns of the lazy and under-educated or the slang of inner-city gangsters into their written work. By the same token, I don't accept forms such as WTF, LOL or BRB in their writings even though these forms are also linguistically justified.

Whether the English language will formally adopt these written forms in the future or not is irrelevant. Contracted, elided and assimilated forms often do become standard usage. At this point in time, in my opinion, they remain unacceptable in academic English beyond the example provided above. Considering that the students are already struggling to speak and write at a level that would help them gain access to post-secondary studies, I consider it neither prudent nor responsible to delude them into thinking this form of writing would be acceptable because it can be justified by Chomskian theory. I suppose that, my dear colleague, exemplifies the difference between those focussed on Applied Linguistics and teaching and those who focus on Theoretical Linguistics.

RED
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arioch36



Joined: 21 Jan 2003
Posts: 3589

PostPosted: Thu Mar 27, 2008 7:25 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

MCL
Quote:
And, unlike the grammar thing, I think they're kind of proud when they pronounce things well. Some of my students sound really good right now: just saying certain phrases, in isolation, their accent is perfect


I agree, many of these students like becoming better. it is just that so often they have little chance to know that they have become better except for some test.

Lobster
Code:
Now here's my point. I'm not here to teach American street English or casual conversational English. I teach formal and academic English writing

I think I was talking with Vikuk? in another thread
1) Slang will nothing for these students. Everday English to us in Oz will do nothing for these students. They need to learn academic and professional english to do well on tests, and to sucessfully comunicate in the business world.
2) Poor oral english classes contributes to poor writing ability. So in my Oral english class, we do not use "everday english" to improve their english. Sometimes we use "everday english" to understand cultural factors in communication, or to set up oral english dialogues that will benefit them. The mistakes they make in oral english will show up in their writing and hurt them on their tests they must take for their futures.

Any slang or vulgarities (didn't know Lobster spoke such nasty French) will be outdated by the time my students ever get to use it, and they will use wrong anyways. Very few foreigners swear correctly, usually they make a fool of themselves
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