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�Grammar Explanations�
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johnslat



Joined: 21 Jan 2003
Posts: 13859
Location: Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA

PostPosted: Tue Jun 28, 2011 2:54 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Dear fliffyhamster,

Maybe the difference is you're writing about "trainees" whereas I'm writing about everyday, run-of-the-mill EFL/ESL students. But who are your trainees going to be teaching? Linguistic students? If so, that "two tenses" is fine.

When the "unreal conditionals" are spoken/written, the listener/reader automatically "translates" the meaning to the present:

If I had a million dollars . . .

(Ah, he doesn't have a million . . .)

Ergo, the "present unreal."

Regards,
John
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fluffyhamster



Joined: 13 Mar 2005
Posts: 3292
Location: UK > China > Japan > UK again

PostPosted: Tue Jun 28, 2011 5:14 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Actually I'd like to think this sort of stuff is ultimately for students too, John.

Now it may well be that a multiplicity of forms, tenses and meanings are perfectly manageable, but the impression I'm getting is that they are a handful for at least the teachers, and as currently "taught" take years rather than mere months to really get one's head around (although I honestly believe it could take just weeks if not days, given the right terminology).

As for your "automatic sense translation", if that were true for non-natives ("Just implant and turn on your UG, folks!") then we'd all be out of a job...but perhaps you just meant "Context, ~ , ~ ", or something like that...in which case, I'd refer you back to here: http://forums.eslcafe.com/job/viewtopic.php?p=899427#899427 ...that is, 'If I had a million dollars...per day I mean...I'd spend it in a flash, as that was nothing compared to what I usually received as a day's allowance from my trillionaire banskter father'. (See, context LOL. That would be simply a 'temporally remote' usage, with a 'whenever' meaning for a much weaker 'if'. EDIT: For those who might be wondering if this usage of 'if' is genuine, especially as one can search in vain for relevant entries and then examples in e.g. learner dictionaries, here's what the Chambers Essential English Grammar and Usage says: if ... REAL CONDITIONS 4 regular occurrences in the past ... If it rained we took the bus).


Last edited by fluffyhamster on Tue Jun 28, 2011 6:25 pm; edited 3 times in total
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johnslat



Joined: 21 Jan 2003
Posts: 13859
Location: Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA

PostPosted: Tue Jun 28, 2011 11:56 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Dear fluffyhamster,

I think we're a pretty good example of different strokes for different folks (which would, I'd say, apply to our students as well.)

What you see as "simpler," I see as much more complex - and, I'm sure, vice versa.

Of course, the problem is - if you have students with both your type of mentality and mine in the same class, how the heck can you make "tense" understandable to both groups.

Of course, I think that my way is "more understandable" for ESL/EFL students, especially those at the lower/intermediate levels. But I'm pretty sure you believe the same.

Regards,
John
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fluffyhamster



Joined: 13 Mar 2005
Posts: 3292
Location: UK > China > Japan > UK again

PostPosted: Tue Jun 28, 2011 6:47 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

To be honest John, I haven't explicitly implemented much of this (remember that I was a mere AET in Japan for quite a number of years...though that did give me the luxury of lots of time to think and reflect), but I can well imagine some of the difficulties (at least initially) would be like you suggest. On the other hand however, I don't need to imagine the difficulties that current approaches certainly pose, because I've seen, read about, and answered them for real often enough!
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johnslat



Joined: 21 Jan 2003
Posts: 13859
Location: Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA

PostPosted: Tue Jun 28, 2011 9:07 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Dear fluffyhamster,

It'd be interesting to know if anyone has implemented it. For all I know, it could be a better, more productive way of teaching tense - though, I'd be very leery of trying it with lower level students.

Another problem that might occur: almost all the textbooks usually used in EFL/ESL classrooms call the tenses by the 12 different names - which some students might find confusing.

Regards,
John
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fluffyhamster



Joined: 13 Mar 2005
Posts: 3292
Location: UK > China > Japan > UK again

PostPosted: Wed Jun 29, 2011 6:51 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

You can find a few bits and bobs online if you Google stuff like 'elt textbooks incorporate lewis' remoteness'. Here are some links (in increasing order of length and complexity, and the first of which (by a guy named Alex Tilbury) is particularly interesting and puts across a lot of points that I wish I had made, but far better than I would ever have been able to!), and a copy-n-pasted discussion:

http://ihjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/journal/Issue_16.pdf (as printed numbers, pages 20-25 (22-27 of the actual pdf))
http://is.muni.cz/th/12904/ff_m/DiplomaThesis.txt
http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2510/01/1992corbett1phd.pdf


Quote:
Q: Which sounds right to you? Both questions refer to the fact that Mary is married now.

1) Did you know that Mary is married?
2) Did you know that Mary was married?

And why do we use Did you know instead of Do you know?

I got myself into a bit of a mess in class and now the more I think about it the more I'm getting confused.

Quote:
A: First the was rather than is :

Verbs of cognition (know, realise, find out etc) are the same as verbs of reported speech (say, tell, explain, warn, advise etc). When the cognition/speech verb is in the past, then the verb in the information clause can also be backshifted. Compare :

Exact words /Fact : I live in Rome
He said he lived in Rome / I didn't know he lived in Rome.

Exact words / Fact : I lived in Rome once
He said he had lived in Rome / I didn't know he had lived in Rome.

This is, however, a matter of choice. I could also say, for the first : He said / I didn't know he lived in Rome
and for the second : He said / I didn't know he lived in Rome.

That means though that the sentence I didn't know he lived in Rome is, in isolation, ambiguous. Is it still true or not? However in real communication the context usually disambiguates, or the speakeer will add an adverbial or other info. to clarify :

I didn't know he lived in Rome now.
I didn't know he lived in Rome when he was a child.
As regards Did you know rather than Do you know, that's more interesting.
The second form of the verb (eg saw in see, saw, seen) is often thought of as the "past form. But expressing past time is only one of it's uses. It can also express hypothetical events, for example : I wish I had more time...

In The English Verb (which anyone interested in ELT should read), Michael Lewis suggests that the real concept underlying the second form is "remoteness from the here and now" . This can be remoteness in time (hence the past time use), remoteness from reality (hence the hypothetical use) or psychological remoteness.

If I say to you Oh, Clive - I want to see you for a moment. Can you come into my office? I'm being psychologically quite direct. I can make it more tentative by saying Oh Clive - I wanted to see you for a moment. Could you come into my office?

Another word for remote is distance, and we're used to thinking about the concepts of psychological distance or closeness. This just maps that concept onto grammar.

Psychological tentativeness is used to save face for the other person. A boss says to her secretary Could you do this for me? even though she, the secretary and everyone else knows that the real meaning is Do this! But a direct order using the imperative is not a preferred option in English (contrast this with Italian which uses the imperative far more freely). We prefer to provide the illusion that the other person has the choice, thus increasing their level of "face".

In your example, the direct Do you know ... suggests the possibility that perhaps she doesn't know. Not knowing something is a way to lose face. Or it might be that she does know and I would be "insulting" her by suggesting she doesn't. (note that here the level of insult/loss of face is probably very, very mild, but English is a language which is far more sensitive to loss of face than most people imagine, especially British English. Americans, to the British often sound far too direct, while the Brits may seem to Americans to be faffing about without ever getting to the point). I would be more likely to say do you know in a situation where there was no reason why the other person should know, and therefore no problem attached to not knowing : Hi Mary. How was your holiday? Oh by the way, do you know there's a meeting this morning? Geoff called it while you were away. Even here though my "face saving instinct" pushes me to Did you know ...

I think that's enough for one post ....


Then of course there are the many discussions on the Teacher Discussion forums that have touched on Lewis' ideas. Unfortunately Lewis is now apparently retired, but I wish he had written an actual grammar or at least a complete series of coursebooks.


Last edited by fluffyhamster on Wed Feb 08, 2012 7:42 am; edited 1 time in total
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johnslat



Joined: 21 Jan 2003
Posts: 13859
Location: Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA

PostPosted: Wed Jun 29, 2011 7:16 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Dear fluffyhamster,

Thanks - very interesting. I'm still not sure, though, whether the concept of "remoteness" would be any easier for many lower-level ESL/EFL students to grasp than the concepts of "unreal" (for 3 of the 4 conditionals) and "indirect/reported" speech.

But it bears thinking about.

Regards,
John
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