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Sweetsee

Joined: 11 Jun 2004 Posts: 2302 Location: ) is everything
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Posted: Wed Sep 28, 2005 7:20 am Post subject: University exam question |
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1. Can you (a. assure b. surely c. ensure d. sure) that the dog won't escape?
I chose letter (c) but was unable to explain to the student why letter (a)
doesn't work. Any help greatly appreciated. |
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JaredW

Joined: 24 Aug 2005 Posts: 105 Location: teaching high school in Sacramento, CA, USA
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Posted: Wed Sep 28, 2005 7:27 am Post subject: |
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You assure somebody that soething is going to happen. So assure is followed by somebody.
You ensure that something will be done. So, ensure is followed by the action.
But, both have really close etymologies. |
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Sweetsee

Joined: 11 Jun 2004 Posts: 2302 Location: ) is everything
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Posted: Wed Sep 28, 2005 7:31 am Post subject: |
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Thanks Jared, that was fast. And your first post, to boot.
Welcome!
I will pass that on to the student and her teacher who also came to me.
Enjoy,
s |
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JaredW

Joined: 24 Aug 2005 Posts: 105 Location: teaching high school in Sacramento, CA, USA
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Posted: Wed Sep 28, 2005 7:37 am Post subject: |
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No prob. I've been lurking from California for a while now, so I decided to jump in at 12:30 AM at night. |
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Sweetsee

Joined: 11 Jun 2004 Posts: 2302 Location: ) is everything
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Posted: Wed Sep 28, 2005 8:05 am Post subject: |
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I noticed that you are from Sac, ever get to Clear Lake? |
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abufletcher
Joined: 14 Sep 2005 Posts: 779 Location: Shikoku Japan (for now)
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Posted: Thu Sep 29, 2005 5:40 am Post subject: Re: University exam question |
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Sweetsee wrote: |
1. Can you (a. assure b. surely c. ensure d. sure) that the dog won't escape?
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This is a horrid exam item yet completely typical of what you see on university entrance exams in Japan. None of my Japanese colleagues seem to have ever had any formal training in testing/assessment.
There are some very basic rules for the writing of MC test items that relate directly to issues of validity and reliability. First on the issue of validity, one needs to ask WHAT this item is supposed to be testing. The answer would seem to be vocabulary AND grammar at the same time, i.e. lexical meaning combined with determination of part of speech. If the students is sharp enough to recognize that the answer needs to be a verb then this item has been reduced from a 1 in 4 chance to 1 in 2 which makes it a weak item statistically. A more focused approach would be to make sure both the key and the distractors are of the same part of speech, in this case a verb. Of course this still ignores the fact that it is the likely collocations/coligations for the verbs "assure" vs. "ensure" rather than semantic meaning that will probably aid in the correct answering of this question. For example, "assure" will regularly colligate with a direct object pronoun whereas "ensure" regularly colligates with "that."
The other common failing in this set of possible answers lies with the psycholinguistic path from which they were very likely derived. Almost certainly the mental sequence in the mind of th test writer went something like this: Write a stem using the word "ensure." Now, what's a distractor -- and, BAM, a word with a similar phonetic structure springs to mind. That's how the mind works. Then it gets tougher. No other words readily emerge. So the test writer notices that both words so far have "sure" in them. So there you have "sure" as the next distractor. Then the parts of speech generator kicks in an the writer comes up with the adverb "surely." Such a method for creating vocabularly item sets is problematic to say the least.
A much better approach is to create master list of verbs, nouns, adjectives, etc. in a random way grouping the words according to a part of speech and frequency/dificulty level (there are many dictionaries that will provide this information). Next group the words into sets of four items of same part of speech, same frequency/difficult level, and same approximate length (which is a kind of quick and dirty way to get at difficulty). Be very careful here to avoid putting in two words that start with the same letter.
Once you have the number of vocabulary item sets you need (say around 20 to have a statistically reliable exam), randomly select one of the words and then write a stem that fits that and only that item.
You may think this is a lot of work as opposed to sitting in front of your computer at 10pm dreaming up vocabulary questions -- and it is. But then valid and reliable MC items are actually among the most difficult type of test item to write. |
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abufletcher
Joined: 14 Sep 2005 Posts: 779 Location: Shikoku Japan (for now)
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Posted: Thu Sep 29, 2005 5:48 am Post subject: |
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JaredW wrote: |
You assure somebody that soething is going to happen. So assure is followed by somebody.
You ensure that something will be done. So, ensure is followed by the action.
But, both have really close etymologies. |
This is where (online) computer collocation software can be REALLY REALLY helpful. Here is a set of sample collocations for "ensure" culled from a corpus of 56 million words of ACTUALLY USED English:
When we support family planning, we try to ensure that it is integrated into wider programmes
still be necessary for two reasons: [p] 1. To ensure that the subject in its main outlines (
in English. However his employer is eager to ensure their staff can speak Danish to enjoy life
The Company's prime consideration is to ensure that all its operations, including waste
and jute, of Crucial Trading's floorcoverings ensure easy maintenance. Regular vacuuming with a
the ingenious factory inserted fittings that ensure ease of assembly, non-tilt shelf supports,
rectify promptly any harmful inaccuracies, ensure that correction and apologies receive due
with motorists [/h] [p] Our main aim is to ensure safety on the roads of the West Midlands and
[p] This giant size scraper is designed to ensure the swift removal of ice build up in the
way. That's why we are proposing measures to ensure that victims are kept informed of the
[p] Serge Lourie standing with Peter Judge to ensure: [p] bull; there is a full debate on the
reason why anyone considering surgery should ensure their surgeon is a fellow of the Royal
boards. Parents are expected to supervise, and ensure that their children don't monopolise the
CAPTION [/c] Leeks planted in dibber holes to ensure a blanched stem [p] [h] Cardoon [/h] Related
in air. Plugging every gap doesn't, however, ensure a full live experience, and at times the
is essential with special care being taken to ensure clean, ventilated premises, with minimal
referees and fans to do everything possible to ensure that the matches start on time. Here's Frank
in character Nuclear weapons, however, did not ensure security. The best that could be achieved
become a war zone, Britain will be anxious to ensure their safety should hostilities begin with
leaders have been looking at ways to ensure food supplies while the country seeks
equipment which has a weight stack, always ensure that the pin in the weight stack is in the
of television news bulletins were able to ensure that even `wives and servants" understood all
getting in touch, so everyday she tried to ensure that she got to the post before her husband.
she was running a few miles a day to ensure she kept `thin" and she would keep up the
replaced by a test at the end of the policy to ensure that it meets the criteria. [p] Legislation
associated with disorder, and the best of them ensure that the havoc of their life spills over into
landed could and would in their own interests, ensure the management of remaining stocks. Landings
select men. [p] However, Blair is anxious to ensure that the 34 candidates already selected from
got both hands to a header from Shipperley to ensure that justice was served. Both sides received
P.H.S [/b] [p] NO STONE was left unturned to ensure that one of the highlights of London Fashion
had slipped, and said it would not be easy to ensure exact parity between different subjects. `It
than bulk buying and vital if you want to ensure your ingredients are fresh. [p] If you want
[p] Medics will also use the kit to ensure all cancerous cells have been removed during
upstairs at his father's bedside. The family ensure someone is always sitting with him. [p]
possible representations to the WBC to ensure that's what happens. Lennox won a final
of our exports, and its aim is to ensure that this considerable structural change in
or, if you can, go take a fresh look at it. Ensure that your reader can virtually see, hear,
it should face sufficient military force to ensure its certain and swift defeat. [p] Clark: If
of some basic regulations that will help to ensure a safe, enjoyable visit. A complete list of
vulgaricus on the pot and use that bec that'll ensure it's live okay. Because you want to introduce
You can get a neater version of this by typing in "ensure" and hitting "CONCS" on the following webpage:
http://www.collins.co.uk/Corpus/CorpusSearch.aspx |
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abufletcher
Joined: 14 Sep 2005 Posts: 779 Location: Shikoku Japan (for now)
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Posted: Thu Sep 29, 2005 5:52 am Post subject: |
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ASSURE:
Croft Particular are now available, and I can assure you that the full range of bottle sizes will
protection for several decades and will assure the safety of the waste during the
you without any obligation whatsoever. Let me assure you there's no catch involved, and we don't
them that they need four size 34s when they assure her they need only three. [p] It is important
She will blame your tool in its absence, I can assure you. Nevertheless, it pays at least to
If these two policemen had not died, I can assure you this government would not have taken this
buckets. A jazz band led by a pink donkey, I assure you, stomped jubilantly beside us, one of the
and can tell you how to reach her. I can assure you she's in the care of friendly and
after doing his post-grad course, that will assure him a consultancy eventually. Given the state
design. Comfortable in his ignorance, he could assure himself that it would be relatively easy to
during the series. Sadly, Jot was able to assure the BBC that the contract would never have to
powerful company.' You surely have. But let me assure you we would have come hotfoot out to help
of the kind when she used her cavern voice. I assure you - ` Coyote is not a ventriloquist's
Ruiz. St, patron," one of the men was quick to assure him. Dennison leaned back against the side of
backing to the deal. Mr Blair was unable to assure Mrs Ciller of the support of Labour meps,
This was a bit more serious. But let me assure petrolheads everywhere that, in 1996, things
s spokesman for the disabled had refused to assure them that a Labour government would enshrine
River took over Shamrock in 1989. `I can assure you that the animals are well cared for," he
colour. [p] But the islanders are quick to assure you that flowers burst into life in autumn.
use of any of the listed substances, but I can assure you none of our players need any help in
numbers that, if they are ever used, will only assure our own destruction? But if Sagan is wrong,
that is nutritionally analyzed by computer to assure a balance of 20 percent fat, 20 percent
those areas where housing is available. [p] To assure that housing is available, many communities
account held by the settlement provider to assure that the air-conditioning system is in [f]
from the seller should be placed in escrow to assure completion. Disputes Closings are sometimes
value humility, so I confess to all this to assure you I know my place in your order of things.
politics." Instead, they sought to assure workers that the church `was interested in
[p] A well-known musician, for instance, can assure an interviewer that he has forgiven his
confectioner's for a moment? [f] Nora: No, I assure you, Torvald ! [f] Helmer: Didn't try
partner to work with so together we can assure the security of the Canal, the nation and the
to--to show it to you. [p] Zwerdling: But I assure the women that I have only good impressions
he'd call them to task right away, and that, I assure you, was headlined throughout the black
Through Interpreter) As president of Russia, I assure you that even if one American has been
for Operation Restore Hope, the US mission to assure the delivery of desperately needed food to
and tested with proprietary techniques to assure a standardized quantity and potency of
to know what was safe for me to eat. So I can assure you that everything used was of good quality.
looks all round [tc text=laughter] but I can assure you it does exist. Erm it's been recorded. So
much indeed MX. Erm I think everybody will assure you [M0X] [ZGY] [F0X] this honestly was
and he won't like you going to him I can assure you of that MX. [M01] Mm. Mm. [M02] I er
in Scottish prisons for not paying fine I can assure you. Most of them er the pet the recidivist |
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abufletcher
Joined: 14 Sep 2005 Posts: 779 Location: Shikoku Japan (for now)
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Posted: Thu Sep 29, 2005 5:54 am Post subject: |
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Note that far and away the most common usage of "assure" comes in the phrase "I (can) assure you" which reveals another way that the exam item was out of step with the reality of word usage. |
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Sweetsee

Joined: 11 Jun 2004 Posts: 2302 Location: ) is everything
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Posted: Thu Sep 29, 2005 6:52 am Post subject: |
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Hi AbuFletcher
Nice one, haven't had time to read it but that's what I said, "I can assure you".
Then, I told her that we assure someone, while assurring her grammar was not my subject.
Enjoy,
s |
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abufletcher
Joined: 14 Sep 2005 Posts: 779 Location: Shikoku Japan (for now)
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Posted: Thu Sep 29, 2005 7:02 am Post subject: |
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Sweetsee wrote: |
Hi AbuFletcher
Nice one, haven't had time to read it but... |
The second two long responses were just cut and paste with each line representing a separate use of the word. It's visually MUCH easier to see what's happening if you go to the website given above.
Or better yet HAVE YOUR STUDENT go to the website give above -- that how I answer all these sorts of student questions nowadays. |
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abufletcher
Joined: 14 Sep 2005 Posts: 779 Location: Shikoku Japan (for now)
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Posted: Thu Sep 29, 2005 7:08 am Post subject: |
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a little checking shows that there are NO INSTANCES of "can you ensure" in a 56 million word corpus! There are, however, several instances of "how do you ensure." Concordancing is a great reality check whether your a student or a teacher.
strategy for your organisation? How do you ensure that the system you select is capable of
problems at the country mansion providing you ensure that it does not park on the three-hun- dred
However, this can only be done if you ensure that at the re-take stage you finish up with
teeth and bones). [p] [h] SO, HOW DO YOU ENSURE EFFECTIVE PROTECTION? [/h] Professor Rona
One is the `withdrawal method" where you ensure your partner withdraws from your vagina just
Also each pack has a feeding guide to help you ensure your animals are getting the correct
every horse or pony's diet - but how do you ensure your hay is up to scratch? CAROLYN HENDERSON
[f] So what should you eat? And how do you ensure that you are getting a healthy diet? The
expense is your telephone bill. Providing you ensure that you have local-call access to your
5000 feet or higher is better. Request you ensure your cags comply. No, repeat, no low-altitude
advisers [ZF1] how do [ZF0] how do you ensure [ZGY] [ZF1] in your [ZF0] in your service?
successful they're going to be and how do you ensure that [ZGY] [M03] Oh I [tc text=sighs] well I
Last edited by abufletcher on Thu Sep 29, 2005 12:14 pm; edited 1 time in total |
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guest of Japan

Joined: 28 Feb 2003 Posts: 1601 Location: Japan
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Posted: Thu Sep 29, 2005 10:19 am Post subject: |
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Abufletcher, since you hurt my brain with that last bit your next assignment is to create a cheap and efficient model for home based nuclear fusion. |
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abufletcher
Joined: 14 Sep 2005 Posts: 779 Location: Shikoku Japan (for now)
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Posted: Thu Sep 29, 2005 12:21 pm Post subject: |
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All this simply reflects an increasingly popular view that language is basically ALL collocations and that rather than speaking about a language having a single grammar, it is better conceptualized as consisting of numerous and chaotic micro-grammars. Makes most of what is traditionally taught in grammar classes look like medieval witchcraft.
Lewis' book on the "Lexical Approach" gives a nice introduction as does Sinclair's book on Corpus Linguistics. |
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