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[Iam]

Hi,

When I did my Celta, I remember seeing a very old copy of a book called "Ship or Sheep" with diagrams of tongue, teeth, lip positions etc.

There is a revised version by the looks of it available at Amazon, does anyone use it, or know of a better practical guide? Is it an alphabetical diagram guide to the phonetic alphabet?

I already have a guide to pronunciation in general, am more interested in diagrams of the physical movements necessary to produce sounds.

Iam.

[acwilliams]

Iam, here follows a list of reference books and websites provided by my Dip TESOL tutor - it's a bit long, sorry! I hope you can find what you need somewhere here. I have cut and pasted this from a Word document so some of the formatting may disappear.

1. Descriptions of the Sound System in English (purely theory)

P. Roach � English Phonetics and Phonology (CUP 1991). A dry but authoritative tome, recommended as the most accessible �primer� for all aspects of phonology. Has some asides on teaching � e.g. Roach doesn�t seem to think the teaching of intonation is a particular priority.

D. Crystal � The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language (CUP 1995). Pages 236 � 255 focus on the sound system of English and have great diagrams showing you how vowels and consonants are articulated. Highly recommended for revision and widely available.

2. Resource Books for Teachers (a bit of theory, a bit of practice)

J. Kenworthy � Teaching English Pronunciation (Longman 1987). Useful chapters on setting general goals in our pronunciation teaching, assessing intelligibility, teaching word stress/phonemes/intonation etc and dealing with sounds and spelling. An older book but still worth a look!

M. Hewings � Pronunciation Practice Activities (CUP 2004). Great new resource book � useful introduction outlining our main priorities and then loads of useful activities for teaching just about everything you can think of. Comes with a CD-ROM.

P. Avery & S. Ehrlich - Teaching American English Pronunciation (OUP). The introduction to this book is available for free .pdf download at http://www.oup.com/pdf/elt/catalogue/0-19-432815-5-a.pdf, with a good summary of the arguments for teaching pronunciation within the context of realistic goals.

All the other main ELT publishers have similar books to the above (e.g. Kelly�s �How to Teach Pronunciation� from the Longman �how to �� series) which can be substituted for the above with confidence. Have a look at �Learner English� (Swan and Smith, CUP) if you need to know more about particular first language interference problems.

3. Classroom Books

This will depend on what you have available, but here is a selection of books:

M. Hancock � Pronunciation Games (CUP 1995) � a perennial favourite with a useful glossary for teachers and lots of fun games mostly suitable for all nationalities.




M. Hancock � English Pronunciation in Use (CUP 2003). Really good self-study book focusing on all aspects of phonology, from sounds to conversation. You need the cassette for the full effect. Excellent diagrams etc � good if you need to build up your own confidence in learning and using phonemic script.

Barbara Bradford � Intonation in Context (CUP 1988). A practical application of David Brazil�s discourse approach to intonation (arguably the only really satisfactory description) suitable for more advanced learners. Also good for teachers wanting a straight-forward introduction to this topic with lots of exercises.

M. Hewings � Pronunciation Tasks (CUP 1993). Great pronunciation course-book for Pre-Intermediate Learners and similar in scope to Hancock. The activities are nicely varied.

As well as the above there are the more traditional books (e.g. Tree or Three; Ship or Sheep, A. Baker or Ponsonby�s �How Now Brown Cow�) that focus on minimal pairs exrcises and the like and which are still useful for remedial work. Course-books like �English File� often have some integrated pronunciation exercises or have separate pronunciation workbooks for each level (Headway and New Headway). The latter approach is perhaps more satisfactory!

4. Useful Web-Links

Here are some useful web-sites and web-based articles. Some of these sites contain other useful material, others are phonology only. Note that for some of them to work you will need one or more of he following free programmes � if you don�t have them you will normally be prompted to download them when visiting a site.

� Real Player
� Windows Media Player
� Apple QuickTime
� Micromedia Flash
� Micromedia Shockwave
� Adobe Acrobat (for .pdf files)

1. Courses in Phonetics and Phonology

http://hctv.humnet.ucla.edu/departments/linguistics/VowelsandConsonants/vowels/contents.html

This is a course in phonetics (i.e. how all sounds are made and perceived) and is quite technical but there are plenty of sound recordings, including the cardinal vowels. It is very complete � e.g. you can hear how sounds are pronounced in initial and mid or end positions.


http://www.celt.stir.ac.uk/staff/HIGDOX/STEPHEN/PHONO/PHONOLG.HTM

Another good online course in phonetics and phonology (this time) with plenty of exercises, although I do not think all the pages are complete just yet (e.g. stress and intonation are a dead end)


http://www.philseflsupport.com/phonology.htm

Phil�s EFL support site is specifically designed for those taking Diploma or Master�s courses. There are good phonology articles and worksheets here plus bibliography and web-links. Note that Phil�s vote goes to Kenworthy for a basic resource book, though his list could do with some updating!

http://international.ouc.bc.ca/pronunciation/

A fairly typical example of online pronunciation materials, this has short videos of the sounds being pronounced, with cross-section views so that you can see the positions of the articulators (tongue etc). There are also �talking head� videos explaining how to teach various features, and downloadable phonology lesson plans etc, although unfortunately it all seems to be segmental and a bit �Ship or Sheep�. You could also try demos of commercial programmes such as Pronunciation Power (http://www.englishlearning.com/)



2. Useful Articles (Theory and Practice)


http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/pron/global_english.shtml

Jennifer Jenkins has usefully condensed her book (The Phonology of English as an International Language, OUP 2000) into a neat article on setting goals and priorities for learners who need English in an international context (i.e. most of them). A good starting point when thinking about the approach we need to take to the teaching of pronunciation.


http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/pron/young_phonemic.shtml

Article by Nicola Meldrum with a good summary on the reasons for integrating the chart into our teaching and some fun chart-based activities for young learners, though there is no reason why some of hem wouldn�t work with older learners as well.



http://www.onestopenglish.com/professionalsupport/

The teaching English Pronunciation part of the free resources section of this Macmillan website is currently being re-developed but in the meantime there are some pronunciation articles here �e.g. on how to teach the dark /l/ as in �ball�. Registration may be required.

http://www.speechinaction.com/

Contains a number of commercial programmes for more advanced learners wishing to improve their pronunciation for different contexts, but more importantly for us there is the �Centre for Discourse Intonation Studies� which provides an excellent summary of David Brazil�s approach to discourse intonation. You can also listen to samples of speech which are transcribed tonetically (i.e. showing the tone groups and intonation) and explained. This is the notation we will expect you to use when doing your own transcriptions. You should also check out the �News� and �Publications� sections as these contain links to articles written by Richard Cauldwell � e.g. on the importance of perception work in developing listening skills, one of the areas likely to be covered in the phonology interview.

http://www.developingteachers.com/phonology/phonology.htm

(Can also be reached from the link in the above site). Good selection of articles on using the phonemic chart, choosing a model to teach with, raising awareness of pronunciation features etc. We would particularly recommend the article on �Pronunciation: The �Cinderella of Language Teaching� as a short summary on the whys and hows of pronunciation teaching.


http://pers-www.wlv.ac.uk/%7Ele1969/psig/fsites.htm

This is the IATEFL pronunciation SIG � to get all the articles you need to pay for membership, but these six samples are a good start � e.g. the article by Martin Hewings on how to use concordancers to make our pronunciation exercises more natural-sounding; he also lays into the �Ship or Sheep� type of approach.


3. Mainly Reference


http://www.uiowa.edu/%7Eacadtech/phonetics/about.html#

Iowa University�s exemplary site for online technical information on the phonemes of American English, showing how they can be classified. There are �head-on� and cross-sectional videos to show you exactly how each sound is made and these are viewable in one go or step-by-step. Spanish phonemes are also provided � interesting to see how Spanish phonemes such as /p/ differ from their English equivalents.


http://www2.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/index.html

You can view or download the complete IPA chart here and also download sound recordings, grouped by language � useful if you want to hear the phonemes of different languages. Note that Cantonese is available but not Mandarin.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonetics and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonology and http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsPhonology.htm

Here are some reference sites which provide you with good definitions and illustrations of terms such as phonetics and phonology. Follow the links for further definitions.


4. Typing and Transcribing

http://ipa.typeit.org/

A useful tool which allows you to type a document using phonemic (or phonetic- i.e. non-language specific) symbols and then paste it into Word. Note that before doing this, you will need to download the Unicode font to your computer. It�s a good idea to reference this with the table of sounds at antimoon.com (http://www.antimoon.com/how/pronunc-soundsipa.htm); the latter has useful notes on the general differences between British and American English, with recordings. Note that the vowel sound in �go� is represented differently here as /ou/.


www.esl-lab.com & www.englishlistening.com.

These are both sites for listening practice (with exercises), but usefully double as a good source for transcription work � type the transcription, email it telling us which one you have used and we can easily check your transcription.













5. Activities for Learners


http://www.soundsofenglish.org/tips.htm

The Sounds of English site has some good & original ideas for pronunciation teaching activities.


http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/try/prontry/pron_activites.shtml

A pretty good list of ideas here � just follow the ones that interest you. Nothing on stress and intonation though!


http://www.onestopenglish.com/tefl_esl_warmers/filler.htm

Activities here for spelling and pronunciation

[Iam]

Thanks very much AC, that looks very helpful - I'll go through the stuff later.

Nice (hopefully cut & paste) job

Iam.

[memorabilis]

I have found this site very useful:

www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/about.html

It has a flash player that allows you to hear the sound and watch a saggital view of the sound being pronounced with real movement. I have found it is often more useful than a diagram.