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Traditional Culture or Run-of-the-Mill Developmental State?
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Steelrails



Joined: 12 Mar 2009
Location: Earth, Solar System

PostPosted: Sun Sep 05, 2010 1:37 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Quote:
Japanese households spend one-third of their income just on food, for example.


Japan is an island. Japan has an incredibly high population density. Japan is not exactly overflowing with farmland. Japan does not have a great food supply.

Therefore prices are higher. What that has to do with culture is beyond me.

Quote:
What about Japanese/Korean culture makes people OK with buying a Nissan/Hyundai for 20% more than they'd pay in the US?


Well, I think its an effort by the citizenry to look beyond their own pricetag and consider such things as trying to keep money within the country and to ensure that their neighbors have jobs. Yes you pay more for a car, but your neighbor has a good paying job and can afford to dine at your overpriced samgyupsal joint. Which in turn allows you to buy his car.

Of course this whole house of cards will come crashing down anyways, it just might take a little longer. Hence Japan's slow, grinding march downward and Korea's economic house of go-stop cards.

Basically its do you want to live by the gun, die by the gun or live by the knife, die by the knife. Benefits and negatives, but no perfection to be found.
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Wai Mian



Joined: 03 Sep 2010
Location: WE DIDNT

PostPosted: Sun Sep 05, 2010 2:03 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Steelrails wrote:
Quote:
Japanese households spend one-third of their income just on food, for example.


Japan is an island. Japan has an incredibly high population density. Japan is not exactly overflowing with farmland. Japan does not have a great food supply.

Therefore prices are higher. What that has to do with culture is beyond me.



Nothing that's my point. I was pointing to an example of intervenionist developmental policy being a negative for the general population as a whole, while benefitting the largest chaebol/keiretsu. , which are run like cartels. Districts are gerrymandered to give preference to the Japanese farmer, the backbone of the old LDP coalition, to the detriment of Japanese employee/consumer. Japanese politicians routinely brush off questions of propriety with comments about "culture" and "unique situations", two things I've heard about Korea ad nauseam.

If you are using the word "culture" to talk about your own society, you are creating a pretty pretty smokescreen and distorting reality.

As noted in the Japanese Journal of Political Science, 2005:

Quote:
"the rice acreage reduction program(gentan) first introduced in 1970 is a prime example of a production cartel in the agricultural sector. The number of hectares (ha) subject to the gentan rose from 337,000 ha in 1970 to 1,013,000 ha in 2001.The scheme was implemented by the MAFF as a nationally coordinated program in cooperation with local government
and Nokyo. As Godo points out, the rice acreage control program is in reality �a government-led rice production cartel.

The government . . . sets a target acreage that should be diverted from rice planting so as to prevent excess supply of rice . . . the
target acreage is allocated among all the villages in Japan.�108 Price maintenance was one of its fundamental aims. As Godo notes, �in aggregation, the cartel effect of the acreage control program contributed to rice farmers� benefit by maintaining high rice prices�."
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rollo



Joined: 10 May 2006
Location: China

PostPosted: Sun Sep 05, 2010 8:37 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

As the poster presents it the book seems a little too U.s. centric. Also the wild over the top nationalism of pre war Japan was not drummed up by the government or industry. Also the populations of these countries ARe hardworking, resourceful and frugal, anyone who has lived or traveled in those countries can vouch for this.
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Wai Mian



Joined: 03 Sep 2010
Location: WE DIDNT

PostPosted: Mon Sep 06, 2010 6:35 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

rollo wrote:
As the poster presents it the book seems a little too U.s. centric. Also the wild over the top nationalism of pre war Japan was not drummed up by the government or industry. Also the populations of these countries ARe hardworking, resourceful and frugal, anyone who has lived or traveled in those countries can vouch for this.


Yes, great anecdotal evidence. But once I saw a guy in Japan who was being lazy, ergo you're wrong.

The book is about post Cold War Japan and its economy, any discussion of NE Asia's growth in that period is going to focus on the US to a varying degree.
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rollo



Joined: 10 May 2006
Location: China

PostPosted: Mon Sep 06, 2010 8:41 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Not anecdotal that savings rates in Northeast asia run between 35 to 50%. This is a great stimulus to their economy.

Yes any discussion of post war would of course feature the U.s. but pointed out that some of the conditions existed prior to war. such as Asian as superior to Westerner which is still a powerful influence in the region. didnt need goading by post war governments.

I am not totally dismissing these ideas but their was pre exiting conditions that nurtured the beliefs and the sucess of these economies is not entirely due to the U.S or to any government interventionist policies. Look at china when it finally unleashed the work ethic and savings regimen of its people.
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Wai Mian



Joined: 03 Sep 2010
Location: WE DIDNT

PostPosted: Tue Sep 07, 2010 4:12 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

rollo wrote:
Not anecdotal that savings rates in Northeast asia run between 35 to 50%. This is a great stimulus to their economy.

Yes any discussion of post war would of course feature the U.s. but pointed out that some of the conditions existed prior to war. such as Asian as superior to Westerner which is still a powerful influence in the region. didnt need goading by post war governments.

I am not totally dismissing these ideas but their was pre exiting conditions that nurtured the beliefs and the sucess of these economies is not entirely due to the U.S or to any government interventionist policies. Look at china when it finally unleashed the work ethic and savings regimen of its people.


It's interesting to note that Korea's short term foreign debt was 150% of reserves in 1997 when its bubble popped, around what Japan had during its lost decade, which at times went up to 200%. What happened to native 'culture' there?

Fully 38% of all China's exports go to the United States or Europe, up from 18% in 1990.

Both Japan and Korea have run huge trade surpluses with the United States for decades, facilitated in Japan's case by the fact that they spent less than 1% of their GDP on defense. Without the US' markets and military there would have been no Asian miracle, and without its reckless spending during the 2000s China would not be in the position it's in today.
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liveinkorea316



Joined: 20 Aug 2010
Location: South Korea

PostPosted: Tue Sep 07, 2010 4:47 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

I think if you compared Japan pre and post WW2 you could find that even before the War Japan was opening up. Except it was doing it outside of the comforts of the US and it's donated markets. Japan decided to grab territory close to its borders. Not unlike the way the West had been grabbing territories for 100 years.

I can't see what is particularly developmental about attitudes and practices in Korea. Even now. Granted they are forced to live with some different laws and limitations that we are not used to in the West but then, Asian cultures do not have a histroy of Human Rights and individual freedoms that exists in the West.

I think you need to be more specific about what instances you are referring to when you say a Korean claims "this is the culture around here". Because me and other people who are participating in this discussion have experienced many situations like that and it seems like the culture is the reason in many cases.

Koreans and Asians in general have lived under Kings, rulers and oppressive rulers well into the 20th Century whereas us i nthe West have been in democracies for much of that time. We have become accustomed to openness and human rights whereas in Asia they (as part of their way of life) have become accustomed to not having any say and just following the rules.

Asian countries ALL have extremely nationalistic governments that keep in place laws that are at many times unnecesarily xenophobic and openly discriminatory. Drug testing of foreigners, inability to buy land and difficulty in getting cell phones, not being allowed into certain bars - these are just some things that still need to be rectified here. They come from the culture and it will take a long time if forever to root this kind of treatment out.

Extrapolate that kind of treatment of foreign teachers to how foreign companies and businesses are treated and also foreign countries. You can still be a member of the WTO and be mean.

At what point does the Korean government represent the will of it's people? It is popularly elected isn't it? So if it represents the will of Koreans then aren't many laws and policies driven by culture?
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rollo



Joined: 10 May 2006
Location: China

PostPosted: Tue Sep 07, 2010 6:06 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

"root these things out' Oh boy!!! the assumption being because these things do not exist in the West they must be wrong. Dont like the rules here, take airplane go home no one forced you to come to Korea.

But the topic is that what is called traditional culture is just the product of a program by an industrializing state to gain unity for its actions. I think it is really too difficult to tell if governments using and strengthening preexiting biases and beliefs and the fact that those beliefs existed before the industrial state and perhaps would have continued to hold the populace in sway without govenments reinforcing them that it is too hard to say. I respect Dr. Johson immensely but his area of research is looking at U.s. relations and influences in Asia. So I would argue that much of what he writes is a tad too U.S. centric. That is what it is supposed to be . Blowback is a great book

Japan was an industrial power before the war and probably would have become one even without U.s. help but probably not to the extent it became world wide but it would have been strong in Asia.

China made tremendous gains in the late 80's and early nineties due to massive investment in infrastucture and by courting foreign investment first from Taiwan than other nations.

Anyone who thinks that Korea is exonphobic now look at what was don
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Wai Mian



Joined: 03 Sep 2010
Location: WE DIDNT

PostPosted: Tue Sep 07, 2010 8:27 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

rollo wrote:

China made tremendous gains in the late 80's and early nineties due to massive investment in infrastucture and by courting foreign investment first from Taiwan than other nations.

Anyone who thinks that Korea is exonphobic now look at what was don


This is true but I think that was more about Cold War/Soviet politics keeping the US away, and Deng's Southern trip to open things up in 92 just as the Iron Curtain was falling. Taiwanese investment certainly shot up after Deng's trip but this was more a result of China opening up, which they did only after 14 years of dual track economics.

China 2010 is simply replicating Japanese/Korean/Taiwan savings patterns, which the Japanese and Koreans both abandoned after their per capita GDP reached a certain level. Japan spent a ton on infrastructure in the 80s and Korea did much the same in the 90s, which led to high debt to reserve/equity ratios. Taiwan did as well, but was able to keep its foreign reserves higher in relation to their debt (around 25% v. the Korean's 150%).

They're both 'Confucian cultures with strong work ethics', shouldn't their debt have been the same or at least similiar? If culture is what united them in their growth (which magically coincided with the Cold War and preferential export status), shouldn't it have resulted in similar savings ratios? Japan's debt is expected to hit 250% its GDP by 2015, Toyota is at 177% of debt to equity. Did they already 'forget' their culture? Or just maybe culture never had much to do with anything?

EDIT: I don't think that culture means nothing, I'd say what's important in cultural, linguistic, and ethnic homogeneity. People are more likely to implicitly 'trust' what the government is doing in Japan Korean and Taiwan because they are all among the most homogeneous societies on the planet. It turns into an echo chamber very very quickly.
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Steelrails



Joined: 12 Mar 2009
Location: Earth, Solar System

PostPosted: Tue Sep 07, 2010 9:58 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

liveinkorea316 wrote:
I think if you compared Japan pre and post WW2 you could find that even before the War Japan was opening up. Except it was doing it outside of the comforts of the US and it's donated markets. Japan decided to grab territory close to its borders. Not unlike the way the West had been grabbing territories for 100 years.

I can't see what is particularly developmental about attitudes and practices in Korea. Even now. Granted they are forced to live with some different laws and limitations that we are not used to in the West but then, Asian cultures do not have a histroy of Human Rights and individual freedoms that exists in the West...Koreans and Asians in general have lived under Kings, rulers and oppressive rulers well into the 20th Century whereas us i nthe West have been in democracies for much of that time. We have become accustomed to openness and human rights whereas in Asia they (as part of their way of life) have become accustomed to not having any say and just following the rules.


Really, what is the history of Western human rights in the 20th century?

Britain's colonial Empire? America's colonial empire? France's Colonial Empire? Jim Crow? Nazi Germany? Franco? The Dutch Colonies? Apartheid? Agent Orange? France barely had democracy through much of the 70s

I think the People of India born before 1947, the blacks of America born before 1964, the people of SE Asia born before 1975, The People of the Phillipines prior to 1946, the people of SA Africa pre 1994 if they thought there was openness and human rights.

Quote:
Asian countries ALL have extremely nationalistic governments that keep in place laws that are at many times unnecesarily xenophobic and openly discriminatory.


Given their history of missionaries, colonialism and westerners/modern industrialists (of any race or nation) general tendency to believe they have the right to lecture people of other nations on how they should live and desire to implement systems to see that enforce that view, this is not surprising.

Bottom line- I think the people here are somewhat xenophobic because they don't really believe that foreigners here are that benevolent or will ultimately act with the interests of the Korean people in mind. That would be incredibly naive in my opinion. The track record just isn't there. Now that doesn't mean that the slow, patient process of gradual integration isn't a bad idea or isn't being carried out, but I find it funny that people here just assume that all the westerners here would act with the best interests of Korea in mind and be "good" for the country. That's an awfully big assumption.
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Wai Mian



Joined: 03 Sep 2010
Location: WE DIDNT

PostPosted: Wed Sep 08, 2010 4:01 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Steelrails wrote:


Bottom line- I think the people here are somewhat xenophobic because they don't really believe that foreigners here are that benevolent or will ultimately act with the interests of the Korean people in mind. That would be incredibly naive in my opinion. The track record just isn't there. Now that doesn't mean that the slow, patient process of gradual integration isn't a bad idea or isn't being carried out, but I find it funny that people here just assume that all the westerners here would act with the best interests of Korea in mind and be "good" for the country. That's an awfully big assumption.


What foreign national has ever had the best interests of another country in mind as his/her primary focus? That's a given.
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liveinkorea316



Joined: 20 Aug 2010
Location: South Korea

PostPosted: Wed Sep 08, 2010 5:43 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

An awful lot of local people don't have the best interests of their own country in mind either. It really depends on how you define what this is. People act generally in their OWN best interests, not that of their country. Why should residents who came from foreign countries be held to a higher moral standard than that of the locals?
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