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Scots Wikipedia

 
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mithridates



Joined: 03 Mar 2003
Location: President's office, Korean Space Agency

PostPosted: Fri Aug 05, 2005 11:24 am    Post subject: Scots Wikipedia Reply with quote

Looks like there's a Wikipedia in the Scots language as well. Almost 200 entries, all of which remind me of Oor Wullie. If you know who Oor Wullie is, you get a prize.

Quote:
Scots (or "lallans") is a Germanic leid that's spak in the Scots lallans an in Northern Irland (whaur it's kent as "Ullans" in offeical circles, bit by ordinar fowks as "Scotch" or "Scots"). In maist airts, it's spak alangside the Erse an Inglis leids.

Up tae the 15t yearhunner Scottis (modren form Scots) wis the name o Gaelic (a Celtic leid o the auncient Scots, inbrocht fae Irland aboot 500 CE). Thaim at spaeks Scots caad Gaelic Erse (meanin Irish). The Gaelic o Scotland is nou maistlie referred tae as Scottish Gaelic or, whilies, Scots Gaelic an is yit spoken by some i' the westren Hielands an islans. Maistlie Scots cams fae the Northumbrian kin o Anglo-Saxon (Auld Inglis), albeit wi influence fae Norse by wey o the Vikings, Dutch an Laich Saxon throu troke wi, an incomers fae, the laich kintras, an Romance by wey o kirk an legal Laitin, Anglo-Norman an later Pairisian Fraunce acause o the Auld Alliance.

Anglian spaekers wis weil estaiblisht in sooth-east Scotland by the 7t yearhunder. In the 13t yearhunder Norman landawners an their reteeners, spaekin Northumbrian Middle Inglis, wis invitit tae come an settle by the Keeng. Scots kythed for the first time in leeterar form i' the middle o the fowerteent yearhunner an didnae differ muckle fae ither northren Inglis byleids. The Anglian leid o Scotland growed on its ain sinsyne. By the late 15t yearhunder perceptions o the differs tae the leid spoken further sooth cam tae the fore an Scots spaekin Scots stairtit tae caa their leid Scots. Scots haes lend-wirds fae the fact at the Scots fowk haed contact wi Gaelic spaekers. Thir lend-wirds is maistlie for geographical an cultural things, sic as clan an loch. Like ony leevin leid, Scot haes cheenged a bittie ower the years, thou it haes arguably stayed closer tae its Anglo-Saxon spring-heid nor Inglis. Monie Scots wirds haes become pairt o Inglis an aw: flit, greed, eerie, cuddle, clan, stob.



Quote:
Written Scots

Mony writers nou evites apostrophes whaur thay're thocht tae shaw letters that's "missin" fae English (the apologetic apostrophe). Sicna letters niver wis missin in Scots at aw. For example, in the twalt century, Barbour spelt the Scots cognate o taken as 'tane'. Haein been nae k in the wird for mair nor 700 year, shawn its omeession wi an apostrophe seems kin o pyntless. The modren spellin is for ordinar 'taen'. Vouel nummers is fae Aitken an the phonetics is in IPA.
[edit]

Consonants

Maist consonants is for ordinar written like in English but:

* ch for /x/ no gh. Medial 'cht' micht be /��/ in the north. loch, nicht, dochter (daughter), dreich etc.
* ch for /tʃ/ at the stairt o a wird or efter 'r'. airch, mairch, etc.
* gn for ordinar /n/ but micht be /gn/ in the north.
* kn for ordinar /n/ but micht be /kn/ or /tn/ in the north. knap, knee, knowe etc.
* ng for /��/.
* nch for /nʃ/ brainch, dunch etc.
* s or se for /s/ or /z/.
* t micht be a glottal stap atween vouels or at the end o a wird but isna shawn in writin. In Ulster a dental soondin micht kythe for this an d an aw.
* Ineetial 'th' in thing, think and thank etc. micht be /h/ but isna for ordinar shawn in writin.
* wh for /ʍ/, aulder /xʍ/. In the north this micht be /f/.
* wr for /wr/ mair aften /r/ but micht be /vr/ in the north. wrack, wrang, write, wrocht etc.
* z for /jɪ/ or /��/ micht kythe in some wirds insteid o the aulder yoch (ʒ), e.g. brulzie (bruilyie), gaberlunzie an the name Menzies etc.

[edit]

lown letters

* The wird final 'd' in nd an ld but thir's aften soondit in derived maks. auld, haund etc.
* 't' in medial cht ('ch' = /x/) an st, an afore final en. fochten, thristle an the 't' in aften etc.
* 't' in wird final ct an pt but aften soondit in derived maks. respect, accept etc.

[edit]

Vouels

In Scots, vouel lenth is isna shawn in writin acause its for ordinar condeetiont bi the Scots vouel lenth rule.

* The unstressed vouel /ə/ micht be shawn bi ony vouel letter.
* Vouel 17 a, for ordinar /a/ but in sooth wast an Ulster dialects aften /ɑ/. Merk the final a in awa, twa an wha micht be /ɑ/ or /ɔ/ or /e/ lippnin on dialect.
* Vouel 12 au for ordinar at the stairt an in the middle o wirds an aw at the end o wirds, whiles aa an aw. Soondit /ɑ��/ or /ɔ��/ in Soothren, Central an Ulster dialects but /a��/ in Northren dialects. The cluster 'auld' micht be /ʌul/ in Ulster an aw. aw, cauld, braw, faw, snaw, etc.
* Vouels 4 an 8 ae, ai, a(consonant)e for ordinar /e(:)/. Aften /ɛ/ afore /r/. In Northren dialects the vouel in the cluster -'ane' is aften /i/. brae, saip, hale, ane, ance, bane etc.
* Vouel 3 ea, ei, ie for /i��/ or /e��/ lippnin on dialect. /ɛ/ micht kythe afore /r/. Ruit final this micht be /əi/ in Soothren dialects. In the faur north /əi/ micht kythe. deid, heid, meat, clear, speir, sea etc.
* Vouels 2 an 11 ee, e(consonant)e for ordinar /i��/ but ruit final this micht be /əi/ in Soothren dialects. ee, een, steek, here, meenister etc.
* Vouel 16 e for ordinar /ɛ/. bed, het, yett etc.
* The affcome vouel 7 afore /k/ an /x/ eu for ordinar /(j)u/ or /(j)ʌ/ lippnin on dialect. Whiles wrangously written 'oo', 'u(consonant)e', 'u' or 'ui'. beuk, ceuk, eneuch, leuk, teuk etc.
* Vouel 14 ew for /ju/. In Northren dialects a ruit final 'ew' micht be /jʌu/. few, new etc.
* Vouel 15 i for ordinar /ɪ/ but aften varies atween /ɪ/ an /ʌ/ speicially efter 'w' an 'wh'. /��/ kythes in Ulster afore vyceless consonants an aw. big, fit, wid, etc.
* Vouels 1, 8a an 10 i(consonant)e, y(consonant)e, ey for /əi/ or /aɪ/. 'ay' is for ordinar /e/ but /əi/ in ay an aye. In Dundee it's a merkit /ɛ/.
* Vouel 18 o for /ɔ/ but aften /o/ (Vouel 5).
* Vouel 5 oa for /o/.
* Vouel 13 ow, owe (ruit final), no aft ou, for /ʌu/. Afore 'k' vocalisation tae /o/ micht kythe specially in wastern an Ulster dialects. bowk, bowe, howe, knowe, cowp, yowe, etc.
* Vouel 6 ou, oo an u(consonant)e for /u/. Ruit final /ʌu/ micht kythe in Southren dialects. cou, broun, hoose, moose etc.
* Vouel 19 u for /ʌ/. but, cut etc.
* Vouel 7 ui, whiles auld-farrant u(consonant)e an wrangous oo for /��/ in conservative dialects. In pairts o Fife, Dundee an north Antrim /e/. In Northren dialects for ordinar /i/ but /wi/ efter /g/ an /k/, an /u/ afore /r/ in some airts, e.g. fuird. Mid Doun an Donegal dialects haes /i/. In central an north Doun dialects /ɪ/ whan short an /e/ whan lang. buird, buit, cuit, fluir, guid, schuil etc. In central dialects uise v. an uiss n. is [je��z] an [jɪs].

[edit]

Some grammar featurs
[edit]

The definite airticle

The is uised afore the names o saisons, days o the week, mony nouns, illnesses, tredds, occupations, sciences an academic subjects. It's aften uised insteid o the indefinite airticle an insteid o a possessive pronoun an aw: the hairst, the Wadensday, awa til the kirk, the nou, the day, the haingles, the Laitin, The deuk ett the bit breid, the wife etc.
[edit]

Nouns

Nouns for ordinar eiks –(e)s for the plural but some irraigular plurals kythes: ee/een, cauf/caur, horse/horse, cou/kye, shae/shuin. Nouns o meisur an quantity bides the same in the plural fower fit, twa mile, five pund, three hunderwecht. Raigular plurals includes laifs, leafs, shelfs an wifes, etc.
[edit]

Diminutives

Diminutives wi –ie, burnie (wee burn), feardie/feartie, gamie, kiltie, postie, wifie, rhodie, an wi ock, bittock, playock, sourock an Northren –ag, bairnag (wee bairn), Cheordag, -ockie, hooseockie, wifeockie, baith is influenced bi the Scots Gaelic diminutive -ag.
[edit]

Modal verbs

The modal verbs mey, ocht tae, and sall isna aften uised in Scots an thir's historic but is whiles still fund in anglifee'd leeterar Scots. Can, shoud, an will is the preferred Scots maks. Scots employs dooble modal maks He'll no can come the day, A micht coud come the morn, A uised tae coud dae it, but no nou.
[edit]

Present tense o verbs

The present tense o verbs ends in –s in aw persons an nummers cept whan a single personal pronoun is neist the verb, Thay say he's ower wee, Thaim that says he's ower wee, Thir lassies says he's ower wee etc. Thay're comin an aw but Five o thaim's comin, The lassies? Thay've went but Ma brakes haes went. Thaim that comes first is serred first. The trees growes green in the simmer.

Wis micht can tak the steid o war, but no widdershins: You war/wis thare.
[edit]

Past tense o verbs

The raigular past furm o the verb is –(i)t or –(e)d, gaun bi the aforegaun consonant or vouel hurtit, skelpit, Mendit, kent/kenned, cleant/cleaned, scrieved, telt/tauld, dee'd. Some verbs haes kenspeckle maks greet/grat/grutten, fesh/fuish/fuishen, lauch/leuch/lauchen, gae/gaed/gane, gie/gied/gien, pit/pat/pitten, git/gat/gotten.
[edit]

Wird order

Scots aften haes the wird order He turnt oot the licht an no He turnt the licht oot an Gie me it an no Gie it tae me.

Antrin verbs is aften uised progressive He wis thinkin he wad tell her, He wis wantin tae tell her.

Verbs o motion micht be drappit afore an adverb or adverb phrases o motion A'm awa tae ma bed, That's me awa hame, A'll intae the hoose an see him.
[edit]

Ordinal nummers

Ordinal nummers ends wi –t seicont, fowert, fift, saxt etc. first, Thrid/third.
[edit]

Adverbs

Adverbs for ordinar taks the same mak as the verb ruit or adjective speícially efter verbs. Haein a real guid day. She's gey fauchelt.
Adverbs is shaped wi –s, -lies, lins, gate(s) an wey(s) – whiles, mebbes, brawlies, geylies, aiblins, airselins, hauflins, hidlins, maistlins, awgates, ilkagate, onygate, ilkawey, onywey(s), endweys, whit wey.
[edit]

Subordinate clauses

Verbless subordinate clauses is brocht in wi an pittin ower surpreese or scunner She haed tae walk the hale lenth o the road an her sieven month pregnant, He telt me tae rin an me wi ma sair leg.
[edit]

Negation

Negation is pitten ower bi uisin the adverb no, in the North East nae, as in A'm no comin, or bi uisin the suffix –na (soondin lippens on dialect), as in A dinna ken, Thay canna come, We coudna hae telt him an A hivna seen her. The uiss wi no is for ordinar taen forby –na wi contractable auxiliar verbs like –ll for will, or in ay nae quaistens wi ony auxiliar He'll no come an Did he no come?
[edit]

Relative pronoun

The relative pronoun is that ('at is an anither mak borraed fae Norse but it can come aboot bi contraction) for aw persons an nummers, but micht be drappit Thare's no mony fowk (that) leeves in that glen. The anglifee'd maks wha, wham, whase, an the auld-farrant whilk is juist leeterar pensfuness; whilk is alanerly uised efter a statement He said he'd tint it, whilk wis no whit we wantit tae hear. The possessive comes aboot bi eikin 's or bi uisin an appropriate pronoun The wifie that's hoose gat burnt, the wumman that her dochter gat mairit; the men that thair boat wis tint.

The third adjective/adverb yon/yonder, thon/thonder pynts oot something that's faurer awa D'ye see yon/thon hoose ower yonder/thonder? The plurals o this an that is thae an thir. Northren dialects taks this an that for the plural an aw.



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chronicpride



Joined: 16 Jan 2003

PostPosted: Fri Aug 05, 2005 11:56 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Is there a Wiki on 'playing guns'? Like kids games of cops/robbers or cowboys/indians, etc...

I'd like to get something like that going, if it's not been done. I had a lot of good strategies for playing guns that are sitting on the shelves of my mind and collecting dust. Might be worth sharing. I s'pose it can a splinter Wiki of paintballing, these days.
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sonofthedarkstranger



Joined: 15 Jan 2003

PostPosted: Fri Aug 05, 2005 1:01 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Hmm...it seems to bear a more-than-passing resemblance to English. I could pretty much read that, altho it gave me a bit of a headache.

Is this a true language? Not just some dialect? It looks like a dialect to me; the grammar is identical to English as far as I can tell, and the words are English too, tweaked a little bit here and there, or not at all.
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hypnotist



Joined: 04 Dec 2004
Location: I wish I were a sock

PostPosted: Fri Aug 05, 2005 6:15 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

sonofthedarkstranger wrote:
Hmm...it seems to bear a more-than-passing resemblance to English. I could pretty much read that, altho it gave me a bit of a headache.

Is this a true language? Not just some dialect? It looks like a dialect to me; the grammar is identical to English as far as I can tell, and the words are English too, tweaked a little bit here and there, or not at all.


That's an ongoing debate - but it is more recognised as a language than a dialect, mainly because of its incomprehensibility to native speakers of English Wink Why call Norwegian and Danish different languages, and not Scots and English?

Mith, I'm very impressed you know about Oor Wullie. Did you read The Broons, too? I own this and it's really interesting.
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mithridates



Joined: 03 Mar 2003
Location: President's office, Korean Space Agency

PostPosted: Mon Aug 08, 2005 6:25 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

But he's everybody's Wullie! Surprised

I'm a fake MacLeod but my best friend when I was young was a real McLeod complete with a dad who would listen to some sort of wailing traditional folk music and made bangers and mash. Along with that of course was Oor Wullie: "Och aye, that wis a braw meal!" was the first thing I remember reading there. Never been to Scotland before though. Sad
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mithridates



Joined: 03 Mar 2003
Location: President's office, Korean Space Agency

PostPosted: Mon Aug 08, 2005 6:27 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Ah, the Broons - that one wasn't at his house.
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hypnotist



Joined: 04 Dec 2004
Location: I wish I were a sock

PostPosted: Mon Aug 08, 2005 7:40 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

mithridates incorrectly wrote:
But he's everybody's Wullie! Surprised


That's a'body's Wullie Wink

Quote:
I'm a fake MacLeod but my best friend when I was young was a real McLeod complete with a dad who would listen to some sort of wailing traditional folk music and made bangers and mash. Along with that of course was Oor Wullie: "Och aye, that wis a braw meal!" was the first thing I remember reading there. Never been to Scotland before though. Sad


Aah superb. I'm a Lesley and a Ramsay but only via females, so I don't count as a real clan member unfortunately (my father's father's father coming from Yorkshire).

And I spent every holiday in Scotland when growing up, and still love the place Smile

I didn't bring my kilt to Korea. I probably will get married in it though - especially if my Grandparents are still alive then! They'll insist. Laughing
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