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tokyomocker
Joined: 22 Feb 2006
Posts: 4
Location: Tokyo
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 Posted: Wed Feb 22, 2006 8:33 am Post subject: until/by |
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| I was asked to clarify the difference between the use of until and by today, and unfortunately struggled to come up with a clear model for the different uses. Any ideas? |
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Meadowlark
Joined: 19 Feb 2006
Posts: 73
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| Posted: Wed Feb 22, 2006 12:09 pm Post subject: |
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I'm assuming you want to compare "until today" and "by today". If this is not correct please let me know.
Short answer:
Until today - something changes as of today
By today - something ends today
Long answer:
Until today - establishes a point in time where a change occurs. It implies that things will be different from this point on.
Examples: Until today I did not know how to use an electric drill. (Now I know how to use one.)
Until today the caf� had always been open for lunch and dinner. (Now it is only open for lunch.)
By today - indicates that something will come to an end. There is no direct connection to anything in the future.
Examples:
The package should have been received by today.
All reports were due by today.
~*~*~*~
Does this model work for you? |
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