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hiromi525
Joined: 15 Jan 2008 Posts: 166 Location: Japan
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Posted: Thu Feb 18, 2010 5:49 pm Post subject: that clause? |
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Please take look at the followoing paragraph from a textbook.
During the Middle Ages, most castles were built in the shape of a square. They had a large tower in each corner. These towers were usually made of stone. A thick stone wall ran from tower to tower and formed an area called the inner ward. A large central tower was called the keep. This was always the strongest part of the castle. The lord and his family lived on the upper floors of the keep. The soldiers lived on the lower levels. The keep had many secret rooms and getaway passages. It was here, in the keep, that all the village people would hide during times of great danger. There were many underground tunnels leading to the keep. The other towers were used for the prison. The great hall was the place used for town meetings. The kitchen and bake shop were also part of the castle.
What is It indicating? and What is that indicating?  |
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rice07
Joined: 26 Oct 2007 Posts: 385
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Posted: Fri Feb 19, 2010 2:40 am Post subject: |
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| What is It indicating? |
'It was here, in the keep' is a pattern to emphasize the very place was in the keep.
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| and What is that indicating? |
As for 'that all the village people would hide during times of great danger', 'that', in thise case, is a relative adverb leading an adverbial subordinate clause used to modify 'in the keep(here). And among the relative adverbs(that, when, where, ...), 'that' is usually chosen for an emphatic sentence partern like the above.
KEEP GOING, though English is TRICKY.
rice
Last edited by rice07 on Sat Feb 20, 2010 11:20 am; edited 1 time in total |
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hiromi525
Joined: 15 Jan 2008 Posts: 166 Location: Japan
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Posted: Sat Feb 20, 2010 8:43 am Post subject: relative adverb |
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I am beginning to understand how to use a relative adverb.
Would it be possible to replace that with where?
It was here, in the keep, where all the village people would hide during times of great danger.
I found another grammatical item in my grammar book.
It is .... that sentence structure.
The following is example sentences from the grammar book.
#1 It is he that (or who) is to blame.
#2 It is not the expense I'm worried about. (that can be omitted)
#3 It is this hot weather that (or which) makes he irritable.
#4 It was difficult that he solved the problem.
#5 It is chiefly through books that we get knowledge.
#6 It was what he said that worried me.
#7 It is not until (or only after) you lose your health that you realize its value.
The original in the keep sentence can be considered the same as above?  |
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rice07
Joined: 26 Oct 2007 Posts: 385
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Posted: Sat Feb 20, 2010 10:20 am Post subject: |
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| Quote: |
Would it be possible to replace that with where?
It was here, in the keep, where all the village people would hide during times of great danger. |
| Quote: |
#1 It is he that (or who) is to blame.
#2 It is not the expense I'm worried about. (that can be omitted)
#3 It is this hot weather that (or which) makes he irritable.
#4 It was difficult that he solved the problem.
#5 It is chiefly through books that we get knowledge.
#6 It was what he said that worried me.
#7 It is not until (or only after) you lose your health that you realize its value.
The original in the keep sentence can be considered the same as above? |
First of all, you have to know 'in the keep' is a prepositional phrase served as an adverb.
#1 'That (or who) is to blame' modifies the pronoun 'he'.
#2 'I'm worried about' modifies the noun 'the expense'.
#3 'That (or which) makes he irritable' modifies the noun phrase 'this hot weather'.
#4 'That he solved the problem', an appositive clause, equals 'it' in this case.
#5 'That we get knowledge' modifies the prepositioal phrase 'through book'.
#6 'That worried me' modifies the noun clause 'what he said'.
#7 'That you realize its value' modifies the adverbial clause 'not until (or only after) you lose your health'.
So, in my opinion, #5, #7, and the original are similar in the function of 'that clause' in those examples.
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| And among the relative adverbs(that, when, where, ...), 'that' is usually chosen for an emphatic sentence partern like the above. |
That is to say: when the adverbial subordinate clause is used to modify the adverb in an emphatic sentence patern, among the relative adverbs(that, when, where, ...), 'that' is usually chosen.
Let's see some examination questions for TOFEL.
1.It was between 1830 and 1835 ____ the modern newspaper was born.
A. when B. that C. which D.because
The correct answer is B.('Between 1830 and 1835' is a prepositional phrase serveded as an adverb.)
2._______ that Stephen Crane wrote The Red Badge of Courage.
A. In New York B. New York C. It was in New York D. New York was where
The correct answer is C.(As a result of the adverbial clause with a relative adverb 'that' being used in this case to modify 'in New York'(a prepositional phrase served as an adverb), the emphatic sentence patern is therefore used in here. And that's why C is the correct answer.)
But you could use 'where' for the following example:
Library is a place where you can collect some useful information you want.
Compare:
It is in libraries that you can collect some useful information you want.
However, you might find where and when were used in some cases that could be seen as informal styles. Like:
1. It was yesterday when I met with him.
2. It is at the school and universities where our characters are moulded. |
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