Korean Job Discussion Forums

[tatu]

Can anyone explain the difference in these verb endings? I understand the following:

걱정하다 to worry vs. 걱정되다 to be worried
준비하다 to prepare vs. 준비되다 to be prepared/ready

I can't really get my head around how it modifies the verb. For example how are 기대하다 and 기대되다 different?

[arjuna]

For some reason, korean fonts are being garbled from my machine...

What precedes these endings, -hada and -doida, are always nouns. The nouns become verbs when the endings are attached.

-hada is an action verb ending. An agent of the action must be explicitly specified, or is implied when the subject is not specified--the linguistic and situational context will make it clear who the agent is.

-doida has two broad categories of meanings: One is "to become" what the noun means or "to be in process of manifestation." The second is "to cause" the meaning of the noun preceding the ending to happen in the consciousness of the person in the situation.

geokjeong-hada means "worry-do" (to worry). geokjeong-doida means "worry-cause" and refers to a situation that the speaker finds him/herself in that is causing him/her to worry-do. goekjeong-doida can never mean "worry-become"--because no situation or thing can become a worry, which is not a thing or a state of being. There is no explicit subject of geokjeong-doida. "I worry-cause" (na geokjeon-doinda), though used, really means "to/for me, worry-cause." And one never uses the situation as the subject of the verb. One usually says, "Because of this, [no subject] geokjeong-doinda."

junbee-doida is in the first category of becoming. Preparation is an activity, not a state of mind like worry or expectation. So nothing can cause anyone to think junbee. It means, rather, that a person, a thing, or a situation is ready, is being ready, or will be ready. junbee-hada means to prepare a thing, a situation, or oneself.

gidae-hada means to expect a positive result. gidae-doida again refers to a situation that is causing you to expect a positive outcome. Again, the subject is, strictly speaking, not you, but neither is it anything else in particular. Non-subject thought is very common in Korean.

All other -hada and -doida work the same way, depending on the meaning of the preceding noun.

doida can stand by itself as a verb and means (a) to become, (b) to be possible/to be allowed. (a) refers to a clear change in a state of being and usually takes concrete objects, and is thus clearly distinguished from the meaning it gives rise to when it is used as a verb ending.

[horang]

[quote="tatu"]Can anyone explain the difference in these verb endings? I understand the following:

걱정하다: I worry... 걱정되다 It worries me...
준비하다 I prepare... 준비되다 I am ready...

I can't really get my head around how it modifies the verb. For example how are 기대하다: I expect... 기대되다 It's expected...

[tomato]

그것은 걱정할 일이 못된다 = It's nothing to worry about.
[clause]ㄹ까 걱정하다 = to be afraid that [clause]
걱정하지 말아요 = Don't worry.
공연히 걱정하다 = to worry needlessly
그는 자식들의 장래를 걱정하고 있다 = He is anxious about the future of his children.
그 일을 걱정하다 = to worry about it
앞일을 걱정하다 = to worry about the future
걱정할 것 없다 = There is nothing to worry about.
혹시나 하고 걱정했던 일이 사실이 되었다 = My worst fear has come true.

문제를 준비하다 = to write the questions for an exam
돈을 먼저 준비하다 = to get the money ready beforehand
얼마간의 돈을 준비해 두다 = to have some money available
가능한한 준비하다 = prepare as much as possible
[verb stem]ㄹ/을 준비하다 = get ready to [verb]
아침을 조금 일찍 준비하다 = to fix breakfast a little early
미리 준비하다 = to make preparations in advance
준비한 = in store

[tatu]

Thanx for your great replies horang, tomato, and arjuna. That really helps alot. Its nice to actually get some real answers to a post for once!

[arjuna]

[Gwangjuboy]

[arjuna]