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How to handle exceptions vs over-generalizations

 
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nicholas_chiasson



Joined: 14 Jun 2007
Location: Samcheok

PostPosted: Sun Mar 30, 2008 11:32 pm    Post subject: How to handle exceptions vs over-generalizations Reply with quote

-So many times in a debate, somebody says, "Oh you're generalizing a group of people, country whatever." At the same time speech requires non-ambiguous meaning to be productive. For example 'the sky is blue' is a widely held fact, despite that being blind, color blind, and twilight all change the sky from 'blue' into something else.
-So even a statement as simple as
'Humans have one head and two arms' is totally messed up by this
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abigail_and_Brittany_Hensel
Or
'The Words of the New Testament are easy to explain' is messed up by this bit from the Apocalypse
1And I stood upon the sand of the sea, and saw a beast rise up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his horns ten crowns, and upon his heads the name of blasphemy.

and so on. Thus how can any opinion be held conclusively on any subject if nothing can be said to be certain in all cases? And if all truth is relative, then how can any debate said to be valid as any supposition is 'valid' depending on the viewpoint of the master debater?
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Adventurer



Joined: 28 Jan 2006

PostPosted: Mon Mar 31, 2008 6:19 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Partner, I didn't quite understand your post. Would you care to clarify what you're saying?
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tomato



Joined: 31 Jan 2003
Location: I get so little foreign language experience, I must be in Koreatown, Los Angeles.

PostPosted: Mon Mar 31, 2008 2:48 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

One can say that "all dogs are canine" and "all cats are feline" because canine means "being a dog" and feline means "being a cat."
There are numerous other words which could be plugged into this formula, such as porcine and avine, but this is the only formula for safe generalizations I can think of.

I am curious regarding what made you start thinking about this question.
I am betting that living in Korea has something to do with it.

According to The Geography of Thought by Richard Nisbett:



Asian people tend to see fields whereas Western people tend to see figures.

This could explain why Western people tend to regard prejudice as a sin and why Western people find it very difficult to convince Asian people that prejudice is a sin.

This could explain why Western people tend to believe in hiring a candidate on the basis of merit whereas Asian people tend to believe in hiring a candidate on the basis of how that candidate can fit into the organization.

This could explain why Western people tend to exalt individuals whereas Asian people tend to exalt groups.

In turn, this could explain why the family name comes last in our society but comes first in theirs.
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mrgiles



Joined: 09 Jul 2007
Location: Seoul

PostPosted: Mon Mar 31, 2008 4:42 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Quote:
And if all truth is relative


sweetie a first year philosophy student could point out the fallacy u're committing here.

perhaps u'd like to read some wittgenstein to get u started off? philosophical investigations is a jolly good read.
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Adventurer



Joined: 28 Jan 2006

PostPosted: Mon Mar 31, 2008 7:36 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

No, I do not believe that truth is just relative. When it comes to generalizations, and the word general, I would think it would have to be
something when it is a pattern by the majority of the populace or something close to it. There is a difference between saying that Koreans are more likely to do this than say Americans or what have you, but if you say Koreans do this or do that, then it would be something one can be pretty certain most do. It's something very tricky.

Suppose someone said to a person from place Z "Z people are functionally illiterate". Someone would be quite incensed. That is true for some people, but not all. If you said many fit that.

You mentioned exceptions. It's better to say many people tend to be rude in Paris, then to simply say Parisians are rude, or if you said that people tend to be more polite in Nice, France rather than Paris, that's generally true. In this case, the majority of the people in both cities could be civil enough, but we all do know there is some appreciable rudeness in Paris.

There is a difference between saying Koreans are xenophobic and xenophobia is a problem in Korea or many of the people are xenophobic and not enough is done to combat the problem.

The more people are quick to lump each other, the more they are
likely to engage in a war.
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Ya-ta Boy



Joined: 16 Jan 2003
Location: Established in 1994

PostPosted: Mon Mar 31, 2008 8:41 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

I agree that the OP is unclear. IF I understand it, then I agree with Adventurer's post--use qualifiers like 'many', 'most', 'some' and the problem is solved.
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bacasper



Joined: 26 Mar 2007

PostPosted: Mon Mar 31, 2008 11:46 pm    Post subject: Re: How to handle exceptions vs over-generalizations Reply with quote

nicholas_chiasson wrote:
-So many times in a debate, somebody says, "Oh you're generalizing a group of people, country whatever." At the same time speech requires non-ambiguous meaning to be productive. For example 'the sky is blue' is a widely held fact, despite that being blind, color blind, and twilight all change the sky from 'blue' into something else.
-So even a statement as simple as
'Humans have one head and two arms' is totally messed up by this
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abigail_and_Brittany_Hensel
Or
'The Words of the New Testament are easy to explain' is messed up by this bit from the Apocalypse
1And I stood upon the sand of the sea, and saw a beast rise up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and upon his horns ten crowns, and upon his heads the name of blasphemy.

and so on. Thus how can any opinion be held conclusively on any subject if nothing can be said to be certain in all cases? And if all truth is relative, then how can any debate said to be valid as any supposition is 'valid' depending on the viewpoint of the master debater?

I actually saw two-headed conjoined twins live at a fair in Mexico, sadly like the proverbial freak show. I am still not sure whether to call him/them one boy with two heads or two boys with one body. He/they were about 13 years old, and quite alive. They were behind a glass barrier but one head seemed to smile at me as I tried to at least make visual contact.

Totally coincidentally, last night I watched "Of Freaks and Men," a Russian film featuring conjoint twin boy(s) of about 13 also. It was interesting to see them portrayed with different personalities. They even looked different, though they genetically they are "identical."

The OP's question is a good one and can ultimately go all the way back to "What is reality?" Of course, this may all be a dream from which I will awake soon, or perhaps the entire known universe is a mere atom in some giant's fingernail, so how do we know anything?

The only way we can effectively communicate is to agree on terms, the meanings of the words we choose to use. (I've been trying to do this on other threads with little success sadly.) Even that is not foolproof, however, as words are ultimately defined in terms of other words so at some point it becomes just a giant circle.

But it is the best we have. This is what science does. I believe the best way we have to know reality (or what appears to be our reality) is through science. Terms are defined, measurements are made, hypotheses tested, and conclusions drawn.

I am not saying that science can explain everything (yet), but what it does explain are the only things we can be (relatively) sure of.
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