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Confused by basic addition
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nautilus



Joined: 26 Nov 2005
Location: Je jump, Tu jump, oui jump!

PostPosted: Fri Mar 17, 2006 9:49 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

"On the way"

Quote:
In mathematics, this is basically a "limit" problem. The limit as n approaches infinity.


Student Recites 8,784 Digits of Pi Wed Mar 15, 10:02 PM ET

SALEM, Va. - A high school student Tuesday recited 8,784 digits of Pi — the non-repeating and non-terminating decimal — likely placing him among the top Pi-reciters in the world.

http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20060316/ap_on_sc/pi_prodigy_1
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doggyji



Joined: 21 Feb 2006
Location: Toronto - Hamilton - Vineland - St. Catherines

PostPosted: Fri Mar 17, 2006 10:24 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

x = 0.99999999999.... (1)

10x = 9.99999999...... (2)

(2) - (1): 9x = 9

x=1

This is what I learned in middle school. I thought by inspection this is quite inarguable back then but it looks a bit lame because we might be dealing with a brand new imaginary number with a vague definition of limit and we are just applying the multiplication by 10 like we do in normal algebra.

According to the definition of limit, lim {An} = A when, for any number e > 0, there exists a natural number N <= n, which satisfies |An - A| < e.

Let's think about a series {An}=<0.9, 0.99, 0.999, 0.9999,...>
Then, lim An = 1 satisfying the condition and the nth element in this series can be expressed by 1 - 1/10^n where n is a natural number. For example, for 0.99, n is 2. Then does 0.9999...... belong to this series?

0.99999... = 1 - 1/10^n

We cannot pick one natural number n for this. Thus we have to say n doesn't exist for 0.9999.... In other words, 0.9999..... doesn't belong to the series {An}...! Then if 0.99999... has a status as a 'number,' lim An = 0.9999.... should be correct. But we don't say so. Here we get a hint on how 0.9999.... is 'defined' as lim An which is equal to 1. I'm not too confident if this sounds all very logical though.

I think there was some story about a Greek philosopher's logic. Maybe it was about a rabbit that can never catch up a turtle who started first in a race.. The concept of limit is so appealing...
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jacl



Joined: 31 Oct 2005

PostPosted: Fri Mar 17, 2006 10:57 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

doggyji wrote:
x = 0.99999999999.... (1)

10x = 9.99999999...... (2)

(2) - (1): 9x = 9

x=1

This is what I learned in middle school. I thought by inspection this is quite inarguable back then but it looks a bit lame because we might be dealing with a brand new imaginary number with a vague definition of limit and we are just applying the multiplication by 10 like we do in normal algebra.

According to the definition of limit, lim {An} = A when, for any number e > 0, there exists a natural number N <= n, which satisfies |An - A| < e.

Let's think about a series {An}=<0.9, 0.99, 0.999, 0.9999,...>
Then, lim An = 1 satisfying the condition and the nth element in this series can be expressed by 1 - 1/10^n where n is a natural number. For example, for 0.99, n is 2. Then does 0.9999...... belong to this series?

0.99999... = 1 - 1/10^n

We cannot pick one natural number n for this. Thus we have to say n doesn't exist for 0.9999.... In other words, 0.9999..... doesn't belong to the series {An}...! Then if 0.99999... has a status as a 'number,' lim An = 0.9999.... should be correct. But we don't say so. Here we get a hint on how 0.9999.... is 'defined' as lim An which is equal to 1. I'm not too confident if this sounds all very logical though.

I think there was some story about a Greek philosopher's logic. Maybe it was about a rabbit that can never catch up a turtle who started first in a race.. The concept of limit is so appealing...


You had me at x=1.
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splok



Joined: 30 Jan 2006

PostPosted: Fri Mar 17, 2006 2:30 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Quote:

Student Recites 8,784 Digits of Pi Wed Mar 15, 10:02 PM ET


I'm not going to try to look up a source atm, since I'm on a dialup, but I recently watched a show about a savant who recited the first 250,000 digits of pi. It took him like eight hours or something. He said he sees numbers as shapes and textures in his head and that when he does something like reciting pi, he imagines flying over a landscape of shapes and he just says the numbers as he sees the shapes. Crazy stuff.



As far as the OP's question, I'm not really a math person, but I've always thought that a repeating number is a sort of a clumsy mathmatical mechanic that illustrates a concept instead of an actuality. I would consider .333 repeating an abstract, so when you multiply it by three, you get an abstract that while equal to one for all intents and purposes is still an abstract rather than an absolute one. On the other hand, a fraction is an absolute. One third is really one third, and three thirds is absolutely one.
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doggyji



Joined: 21 Feb 2006
Location: Toronto - Hamilton - Vineland - St. Catherines

PostPosted: Fri Mar 17, 2006 4:51 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

doggyji wrote:
I think there was some story about a Greek philosopher's logic. Maybe it was about a rabbit that can never catch up a turtle who started first in a race.. The concept of limit is so appealing...


I found that was one of Zeno's Paradoxes.

wikipedia wrote:
Achilles and the tortoise

"You can never catch up."

"In a race, the quickest runner can never overtake the slowest, since the pursuer must first reach the point whence the pursued started, so that the slower must always hold a lead." (Aristotle Physics VI:9, 239b15)
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The Bobster



Joined: 15 Jan 2003

PostPosted: Fri Mar 17, 2006 5:25 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

This is not really basic addition, but rather some pretty high-end throretical math ... you knew that, right?
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out of context



Joined: 08 Jan 2006
Location: Daejeon

PostPosted: Fri Mar 17, 2006 9:44 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

huck wrote:
it's math...it's concrete and proven...it's not like quantum physics, or even negative numbers.

But let's say I eat .333333333(repeating) of a pie, and you're a pig so you eat .66666666(repeating) of the pie......won't there still be a very small, teeny-weeny, infinitesimal speck that didn't get eaten?


It isn't concrete. There is no .333333(etc.) in nature. It only exists by analogy: 1/3 is to 1 what 1 is to 3. Even if we were to assume the existence of a pie where every molecule was identical, if you cut it into thirds, you'd still have a whole number of molecules in each slice.
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Kwangjuchicken



Joined: 01 Sep 2003
Location: I was abducted by aliens on my way to Korea and forced to be an EFL teacher on this crazy planet.

PostPosted: Fri Mar 17, 2006 9:52 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

I just can't imagine anyone getting so serious about numbers.

Laughing Laughing Laughing Laughing Laughing Laughing Laughing Laughing Laughing Laughing Laughing Laughing Laughing
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Hollywoodaction



Joined: 02 Jul 2004

PostPosted: Sat Mar 18, 2006 8:06 am    Post subject: Re: Confused by basic addition Reply with quote

huck wrote:
So, I was lying in bed this morning, and while converting celsius to farenheit, I became stumped by basic addition.

1/2 + 1/2 = 1

.50 + .50 = 1

right? simple.

But 1/3 + 2/3 = 3/3 = 1

.33333 (repeating) + .666666(repeating) = .9999999 (repeating)

.99999 isn't 1. so is 3/3 approximately 1, and not exactly 1?

same thing with 1/9 + 8/9 = 9/9, which is supposedly 1.

but .1111111 + .88888888 = .999999999

where does the extra tick come from?


Okay. Then I guess I won't bother trying to explain to you the value of +0 and -0 as numbers.
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shortskirt_longjacket



Joined: 06 Jun 2004
Location: fitz and ernie are my raison d'etre

PostPosted: Sat Mar 18, 2006 8:24 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

1/3 represented as a decimal is in fact exactly equal to .3333333(repeating).

Think of it this way, people: The Romanization of certain Korean characters is not exact; it's approximate. But because you are converting one kind of thing to another, you have to assume that it's as close as you'll get. Kangnam? Gangnam? Which is it? Actually, it's both. And it's neither. And it's somewhere in between. The point is: we all agree that "G" or "K" can represent the first letter in the Korean alphabet.

Same with a decimal number being represented for a fractional number.

.33333333333333333333(repeating into infinity) is the same thing as 1/3. There is no other way to express it.

So, .333333333333333333 (repeating forever) + .666666666666666666 (repeating forever) = 1. Period. Full Stop. Whatever you say in your own dialect. The concept is the same. It's the same as 1/3 + 2/3 = 1. We're just saying it in a different language.

Seriously, this argument is like fighting over Kangnam vs. Gangnam. Same same!! There just isn't a "perfect" way to translate the Korean into English, so we all agree to recognize different systems as the same exact thing.

Let the argument end here.
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laogaiguk



Joined: 06 Dec 2005
Location: somewhere in Korea

PostPosted: Sat Mar 18, 2006 5:45 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

A little off topic here, but this is a problem in computer science.

Memory is finite, so when you divide numbers that end up being infinite, at some point you have to finally round it up (or truncate it). This has caused many problems. One was the Arianne 5 rocket in Europe Crashed into a small town if I remember right after veering offcourse. This is also a major problem for programmers programming for precision instuments, like any machine that doses people with radiation for cancer.
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The Cube



Joined: 01 Feb 2003

PostPosted: Sat Mar 18, 2006 11:34 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

..

Last edited by The Cube on Mon Dec 01, 2008 5:08 pm; edited 1 time in total
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nautilus



Joined: 26 Nov 2005
Location: Je jump, Tu jump, oui jump!

PostPosted: Mon Mar 20, 2006 4:27 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

The Cube wrote:
Here's another one for "Infinity does not exist because it is impossible to conceive of in any way, shape, or form."

The answer is, you cannot express 1/3 as a decimal so don't try. It is not .33333333..... It simply cannot be expressed as a decimal, and doesn't have to. It is 1/3.

And 1/3 + 2/3 = 1.

There is no .3333....+.6666666....
It doesn't exist.


Superreal, hyperreal and surreal numbers extend real numbers by adding infinitesimally small numbers and infinitely large numbers. While real numbers may have infinitely long expansions to the right of the decimal point, these numbers allow for infinitely long expansions to the left. The number system which results depends on what base is used for the digits: any base is possible, but a system with the best mathematical properties is obtained when the base is a prime number. This leads to p-adic numbers.

For dealing with infinite collections, the natural numbers have been generalized to the ordinal numbers and to the cardinal numbers. The former gives the ordering of the collection, while the latter gives its size. For the finite set, the ordinal and cardinal numbers are equivalent, but they differ in the infinite case.
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Free World



Joined: 01 Apr 2005
Location: Drake Hotel

PostPosted: Mon Mar 20, 2006 6:39 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

splok wrote:
As far as the OP's question, I'm not really a math person, but I've always thought that a repeating number is a sort of a clumsy mathmatical mechanic that illustrates a concept instead of an actuality. I would consider .333 repeating an abstract, so when you multiply it by three, you get an abstract that while equal to one for all intents and purposes is still an abstract rather than an absolute one. On the other hand, a fraction is an absolute. One third is really one third, and three thirds is absolutely one.


I agree.
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