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syoshioka99
Joined: 28 Oct 2005
Posts: 185
Location: Korea
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 Posted: Wed Dec 20, 2006 4:30 am Post subject: what does 'that' refer to? |
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The real reason that blowing colds hot soup and other foods has to do with evaporation. In discussing the process of boiling, it became apparent that evaporation is a cooling process. For molecules of water to evaporate, they must literally be made to jump out of the water. So only the most lively ones get out, leaving the slower, cooler ones behind, the result of which is to lower the temperature of the whole liquid. The more quickly the liquid evaporates, the faster it cools.
That brings us back to our soup. If the food is hot, it aids in the evaporation process. So the soup should be cooling quickly. But it doesn�t. Why not? Consider the air above the bowl of soup. With all that vapor rising out of the bowl, the area above the soup forms into a hot, steamy cloud. The air is almost soaked with evaporating water. The evaporation process slows down to a crawl and so does the cooling. The vapor just sits over the bowl, hanging still and heavy, like a wet, hot, windless summer day. The soup will take a long time to cool off.
(question) Regarding the sentence, "With all that vapor rising out of the bowl, the area above the soup forms into a hot, steamy cloud. " what does 'that' refer to?
satoru
 Japan
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Mary W. Ng
Joined: 26 Jun 2006
Posts: 261
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| Posted: Wed Dec 20, 2006 12:55 pm Post subject: Re: what does 'that' refer to? |
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| Quote: |
| (question) Regarding the sentence, "With all that vapor rising out of the bowl, the area above the soup forms into a hot, steamy cloud. " what does 'that' refer to? |
That belongs to the noun phrase all that vapor, consisting of the determiner all that and the noun vapor. 
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Mary W. Ng
Helping students learn grammar
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syoshioka99
Joined: 28 Oct 2005
Posts: 185
Location: Korea
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| Posted: Sat Dec 23, 2006 10:22 am Post subject: another question, Mary! |
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Thank you for your message, Mary. but you don't seem to understand my question.
"Do you know whose umbrella this is?" "Oh, that's mine!"
In the sentence above, 'that' refers to '(this) umbrella'. My question is something like this, you know. I DO not even know whether 'that' refers to a specific word or not. What do you say?
satoru |
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2006
Joined: 27 Nov 2006
Posts: 610
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| Posted: Sat Dec 23, 2006 1:05 pm Post subject: |
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"that vapor" is the vapor rising out of the bowl of hot soup through the evaporation process.
The hot soup initially evaporates quickly and forms a vapor cloud that sits over the bowl. The vapor cloud becomes soaked with water and it cannot accept more water quickly, so further evaporation is slowed.
If you blow away that vapor cloud, evaporation in the bowl speeds up again and the soup will cool more quickly. That is why blowing makes liquids cool more quickly.
"cold(s)" should not be used as a verb. |
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Mary W. Ng
Joined: 26 Jun 2006
Posts: 261
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| Posted: Sat Dec 23, 2006 1:22 pm Post subject: Re: another question, Mary! |
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| Quote: |
| Thank you for your message, Mary. but you don't seem to understand my question |
.
The word that can function as a demonstrative determiner, a demonstrative pronoun, a subordinating conjunction, a relative pronoun, or an adverb.
| Quote: |
| "Do you know whose umbrella this is?" "Oh, that's mine!" |
Here that functions as a demonstrative pronoun, pointing to the umbrella that belongs to me.
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| That umbrella is mine. |
Here that is a demonstrative determiner preceding the noun umbrella.
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| I said that I was sorry. |
Here that functions as a subordinating conjunction connecting two clauses (I said and I was sorry).
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| It is a lesson that I will never forget. |
Here that functions as a relative pronoun, a lesson being its antecedent.
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| Can we wait that long? |
Here that functions as an adverb modifying the adverb long.
_________________
Mary W. Ng
Helping students learn grammar
http:www.aimpublishing.com |
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syoshioka99
Joined: 28 Oct 2005
Posts: 185
Location: Korea
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| Posted: Sat Dec 23, 2006 9:58 pm Post subject: Re: another question, Mary! |
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| Mary W. Ng wrote: |
| Quote: |
| Thank you for your message, Mary. but you don't seem to understand my question |
.
The word that can function as a demonstrative determiner, a demonstrative pronoun, a subordinating conjunction, a relative pronoun, or an adverb.
| Quote: |
| "Do you know whose umbrella this is?" "Oh, that's mine!" |
Here that functions as a demonstrative pronoun, pointing to the umbrella that belongs to me.
| Quote: |
| That umbrella is mine. |
Here that is a demonstrative determiner preceding the noun umbrella.
| Quote: |
| I said that I was sorry. |
Here that functions as a subordinating conjunction connecting two clauses (I said and I was sorry).
| Quote: |
| It is a lesson that I will never forget. |
Here that functions as a relative pronoun, a lesson being its antecedent.
| Quote: |
| Can we wait that long? |
Here that functions as an adverb modifying the adverb long.
:lol: |
So... does 'that' vapor in the sentence works as in 'that in the sentence"Do you know whose umbrella this is?" "Oh, that's mine.
I mean is it a demonstrative pronoun, pointing to the air above the bowl of the soup?
Satoru |
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Mary W. Ng
Joined: 26 Jun 2006
Posts: 261
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| Posted: Sat Dec 23, 2006 10:51 pm Post subject: Re: another question, Mary! |
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| Quote: |
So... does 'that' vapor in the sentence works as in 'that in the sentence"Do you know whose umbrella this is?" "Oh, that's mine.
I mean is it a demonstrative pronoun, pointing to the air above the bowl of the soup? |
No, that is a demonstrative determiner, not a demonstrative pronoun. A demonstrative pronoun can stand on its own; a demonstrative determiner is used before a noun. All that vapor points to the vapor above the bowl of soup.
_________________
Mary W. Ng
Helping students learn grammar
http:www.aimpublishing.com |
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